Practice guideline for the management of infants and children 0 to 36 months of age with fever without source. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.

[1]  D. Korones,et al.  Febrile infants at low risk for serious bacterial infection--an appraisal of the Rochester criteria and implications for management. Febrile Infant Collaborative Study Group. , 1994, Pediatrics.

[2]  R. Vinci,et al.  Intramuscular versus oral antibiotic therapy for the prevention of meningitis and other bacterial sequelae in young, febrile children at risk for occult bacteremia. , 1994, The Journal of pediatrics.

[3]  Leo Paik,et al.  Outcomes of bacterial miningitis in children: A meta-analysis: Baraff LJ, Lee SI, Schriger DL Pediatr Infect Dis J 12:389–394 May 1993 , 1993 .

[4]  M. Robb,et al.  Antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study , 1993, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[5]  D L Schriger,et al.  Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: a meta-analysis. , 1993, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[6]  Russell V. Lenth,et al.  MeWAnalysis by the Confidence Profile Method: The Statistical Synthesis of Evidence , 1993 .

[7]  P. Kelley,et al.  Decreases in invasive Haemophilus influenzae diseases in US Army children, 1984 through 1991. , 1993, JAMA.

[8]  M. Osterholm,et al.  Declining incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease since introduction of vaccination. , 1993, JAMA.

[9]  E. Zell,et al.  Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. , 1993, JAMA.

[10]  S. Kaplan,et al.  Systemic infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae relatively resistant to penicillin in a children's hospital: clinical management and outcome. , 1992, Pediatrics.

[11]  T. Klassen,et al.  Selecting diagnostic tests to identify febrile infants less than 3 months of age as being at low risk for serious bacterial infection: a scientific overview. , 1992, The Journal of pediatrics.

[12]  T. Kilpi,et al.  Rapid disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis after routine childhood immunisation with conjugate vaccines , 1992, The Lancet.

[13]  S. Plotkin,et al.  Efficacy and safety of a Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine. , 1992, The Journal of pediatrics.

[14]  S. Kaplan,et al.  Increased rate of isolation of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a children's hospital and in vitro susceptibilities to antibiotics of potential therapeutic use , 1992, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[15]  K. Klugman,et al.  Antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease in South African children. , 1992, American journal of diseases of children.

[16]  F. Tenover,et al.  Cephalosporin treatment failure in penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. , 1992, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[17]  S. Black,et al.  Immunization with oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) vaccine on a large health maintenance organization population: extended follow-up and impact on Haemophilus influenzae disease epidemiology. The Kaiser Permanente Pediatric Vaccine Study Group. , 1992, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[18]  E. Shapiro,et al.  Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in Massachusetts children 18 to 59 months of age , 1992, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[19]  D L Schriger,et al.  Probability of bacterial infections in febrile infants less than three months of age: a meta‐analysis , 1992, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[20]  A. Tomasz,et al.  A pneumococcal clinical isolate with high-level resistance to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone , 1992, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[21]  L. Baraff,et al.  Fever without source: management of children 3 to 36 months of age. , 1992, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[22]  J. Connor,et al.  Ceftriaxone failure in meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. , 1991, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[23]  L. Baraff Management of the febrile child: a survey of pediatric and emergency medicine residency directors , 1991, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[24]  D. Jaffe,et al.  Temperature and total white blood cell count as indicators of bacteremia. , 1991, Pediatrics.

[25]  C. Salmond,et al.  Viral and bacterial infection in childhood: the value of C reactive protein. , 1991, The New Zealand medical journal.

[26]  T. Murphy,et al.  Reevaluation of the ambulatory pediatric patient whose blood culture is positive for Haemophilus influenzae type b. , 1991, The Journal of pediatrics.

[27]  G. Fleisher,et al.  Bacteremia with otitis media. , 1991, Pediatrics.

[28]  G. Bisset,et al.  Chest radiographs in the evaluation of the febrile infant. , 1990, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[29]  E. Crain,et al.  Urinary tract infections in febrile infants younger than 8 weeks of age. , 1990, Pediatrics.

[30]  C. W. Broner,et al.  Febrile Infants Less than Eight Weeks Old , 1990, Clinical pediatrics.

[31]  J. Avner,et al.  Failure of infant observation scales in detecting serious illness in febrile, 4- to 8-week-old infants. , 1990, Pediatrics.

[32]  K. Powell,et al.  Outpatient management of selected infants younger than two months of age evaluated for possible sepsis , 1990, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[33]  K. Klugman Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics , 1990, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[34]  C. B. White,et al.  Evaluation of the necessity for hospitalization of the febrile infant less than three months of age , 1990, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[35]  K. Powell Evaluation and management of febrile infants younger than 60 days of age , 1990, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[36]  J. Schwartz,et al.  Common clinical features as predictors of bacterial diarrhea in infants. , 1989, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[37]  E. Shapiro,et al.  Blood cultures in the management of febrile outpatients later found to have bacteremia. , 1989, The Journal of pediatrics.

[38]  R. Dagan,et al.  Bacterial meningitis with initial normal cerebrospinal fluid findings. , 1989, Israel journal of medical sciences.

[39]  Crain Ef,et al.  Which febrile infants younger than two weeks of age are likely to have sepsis? A pilot study. , 1988 .

[40]  J. Marcinak Evaluation of children with fever greater than or equal to 104 degrees F in an emergency department. , 1988, Pediatric emergency care.

[41]  R. N. Brogden,et al.  Ceftriaxone. A reappraisal of its antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties, and an update on its therapeutic use with particular reference to once-daily administration. , 1988, Drugs.

[42]  A. Krivchenia Relationship of bacteremia to antipyretic therapy in febrile children , 1988 .

[43]  R. Dagan,et al.  Ambulatory care of febrile infants younger than 2 months of age classified as being at low risk for having serious bacterial infections. , 1988, The Journal of pediatrics.

[44]  R. Tanz,et al.  Antibiotic administration to treat possible occult bacteremia in febrile children. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.

[45]  W. Bonadio Incidence of serious infections in afebrile neonates with a history of fever. , 1987, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[46]  P. Wright,et al.  Evaluation of Fever in Infants Less Than 8 Weeks Old , 1987, Southern medical journal (Birmingham, Ala. Print).

[47]  R. Markowitz,et al.  Usefulness of chest radiographs in children with acute lower respiratory tract disease. , 1987, Jornal de Pediatria.

[48]  H. Bauchner,et al.  Prevalence of bacteriuria in febrile children. , 1987, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[49]  M. Kline,et al.  Bacteremia in children afebrile at presentation to an emergency room , 1987, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[50]  R. Anbar,et al.  Difficulties in universal application of criteria identifying infants at low risk for serious bacterial infection. , 1986, The Journal of pediatrics.

[51]  E. Shapiro,et al.  Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia. , 1986, The Journal of pediatrics.

[52]  C B Hall,et al.  Identification of infants unlikely to have serious bacterial infection although hospitalized for suspected sepsis. , 1985, The Journal of pediatrics.

[53]  P. Crocker,et al.  Occult bacteremia in the emergency department: diagnostic criteria for the young febrile child. , 1985, Annals of emergency medicine.

[54]  B. Gray,et al.  Penicillin-intermediate pneumococci in a children's hospital. , 1985, American journal of diseases of children.

[55]  J. W. Bass,et al.  Bacterial and viral pathogens causing fever in infants less than 3 months old. , 1985, American journal of diseases of children.

[56]  C. Latorre,et al.  Antibiotic resistance and serotypes of 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in a children's hospital in Barcelona, Spain , 1985, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[57]  M. Soman Characteristics and management of febrile young children seen in a university family practice. , 1985, The Journal of family practice.

[58]  D V Cicchetti,et al.  Predictive value of abnormal physical examination findings in ill-appearing and well-appearing febrile children. , 1985, Pediatrics.

[59]  A. J. Rudolph,et al.  Early detection of bacteremia in an outpatient clinic. , 1985, Pediatrics.

[60]  S. Press,et al.  Association of Temperature Greater Than 41.1°C (106°F) With Serious Illness , 1985 .

[61]  M. Bennish,et al.  C-reactive protein and zeta sedimentation ratio as indicators of bacteremia in pediatric patients. , 1984, The Journal of pediatrics.

[62]  M. Kresch Axillary temperature as a screening test for fever in children. , 1984, The Journal of pediatrics.

[63]  U. Rosenhall,et al.  Incidence and prognosis of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children in a Swedish region , 1984, Pediatric infectious disease.

[64]  C. Deangelis,et al.  Hospitalization v outpatient treatment of young, febrile infants. , 1983, American journal of diseases of children.

[65]  E. Charney,et al.  Urinary tract infection in infants with unexplained fever: a collaborative study. , 1983, The Journal of pediatrics.

[66]  W. Carroll,et al.  Treatment of occult bacteremia: a prospective randomized clinical trial. , 1983, Pediatrics.

[67]  H. Wigder,et al.  A comparative study of the prevalence, outcome, and prediction of bacteremia in children. , 1983, The Journal of pediatrics.

[68]  D. Tweardy,et al.  Susceptibility of penicillin-resistant pneumococci to eighteen antimicrobials: implications for treatment of meningitis. , 1983, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[69]  B. Louie,et al.  The evaluation and treatment of the febrile infant. , 1983, Pediatric infectious disease.

[70]  J. Leventhal Clinical Predictors of Pneumonia As a Guide to Ordering Chest Roentgenograms , 1982, Clinical pediatrics.

[71]  R. Schwartz,et al.  Occult Bacteremia in Toxic-appearing, Febrile Infants , 1982, Clinical pediatrics.

[72]  E. Crain,et al.  Febrile infants: predictors of bacteremia. , 1982, The Journal of pediatrics.

[73]  D. Cicchetti,et al.  Observation scales to identify serious illness in febrile children. , 1982, Pediatrics.

[74]  A. Philip Detection of neonatal sepsis of late onset. , 1982, JAMA.

[75]  J. Berkelhamer,et al.  Outpatient bacteremia: Clinical findings in children under two years with initial temperatures of 39.5°C or higher , 1981 .

[76]  J. Zonana,et al.  Relative importance of bacteremia and viremia in the course of acute fevers of unknown origin in outpatient children. , 1981, Pediatrics.

[77]  J. Greene,et al.  Management of Febrile Outpatient Neonates , 1981, Clinical pediatrics.

[78]  B. Forsyth,et al.  Further definition of history and observation variables in assessing febrile children. , 1981, Pediatrics.

[79]  G. Mccracken,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and rocephin in experimental bacterial meningitis. , 1981, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[80]  I. Onorato,et al.  'Normal' CSF in bacterial meningitis. , 1980, JAMA.

[81]  K. Nelson An index of severity for acute pediatric illness. , 1980, American journal of public health.

[82]  H. Harris Colorless babies mature late. , 1980, Pediatrics.

[83]  P. Mccarthy,et al.  History and observation variables in assessing febrile children. , 1980, Pediatrics.

[84]  A. Saah,et al.  Relative resistance to penicillin in the pneumococcus. A prevalence and case-control study. , 1980, JAMA.

[85]  D. Teele,et al.  Unsuspected bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae: outcome in children not initially admitted to hospital. , 1979, The Journal of pediatrics.

[86]  P. Mccarthy,et al.  Comparison of acute-phase reactants in pediatric patients with fever. , 1978, Pediatrics.

[87]  J. S. O'shea Assessing the Significance of Fever in Young Infants , 1978, Clinical pediatrics.

[88]  R. Ablow,et al.  Value of the C-reactive protein test in the differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia. , 1978, The Journal of pediatrics.

[89]  H. Hamrick,et al.  Bacteremia in 28 Ambulatory Children , 1978, Clinical pediatrics.

[90]  Balkany Tj Fever in the first eight weeks of life. , 1977 .

[91]  D. Teele,et al.  Outcome of unsuspected pneumococcemia in children not initially admitted to the hospital. , 1977, The Journal of pediatrics.

[92]  H. Jick,et al.  DRUG-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS, CONVULSIONS, DEAFNESS, AND EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS , 1977, The Lancet.

[93]  P. Mccarthy,et al.  Hyperpyrexia in children. Eight-year emergency room experience. , 1976, American journal of diseases of children.

[94]  J. Herskowitz,et al.  Bacteremia in febrile children under 2 years of age: results of cultures of blood of 600 consecutive febrile children seen in a "walk-in" clinic. , 1975, The Journal of pediatrics.

[95]  J. Todd Childhood infections. Diagnostic value of peripheral white blood cell and differential cell counts. , 1974, American journal of diseases of children.

[96]  D. Smith,et al.  Bacterial meningitis. A symposium. , 1973, Pediatrics.

[97]  M. Finland,et al.  Bacteremia in febrile children seen in a "walk-in" pediatric clinic. , 1973, The New England journal of medicine.

[98]  R. Koehler,et al.  Risk factors in bacterial meningitis: Charleston County, South Carolina. , 1973, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[99]  A. North BACTERIURIA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE FEBRILE ILLNESSES. , 1963, The Journal of pediatrics.

[100]  W. S. Jordan,et al.  A study of illness in a group of Cleveland families. IV. The spread of respiratory infections within the home. , 1953, American journal of hygiene.

[101]  F. V. Bogert,et al.  Body temperature variations in apparently healthy children , 1937 .

[102]  J. Lohr,et al.  Making a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection by using a urinalysis performed in an on-site laboratory. , 1993, The Journal of pediatrics.

[103]  T. Lieu,et al.  Strategies for diagnosis and treatment of children at risk for occult bacteremia: clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. , 1991, The Journal of pediatrics.

[104]  R. Mcnutt,et al.  Management of infants at risk for occult bacteremia: a decision analysis. , 1991, The Journal of pediatrics.

[105]  A. Fenoll,et al.  Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing systemic infections in Spain, 1979-1989. , 1991, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[106]  D. Cicchetti,et al.  Blood cultures in private pediatric practice: an eleven-year experience. , 1989, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[107]  E. Crain,et al.  Which febrile infants younger than two weeks of age are likely to have sepsis? A pilot study. , 1988, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.

[108]  Domenic V. Cicchetti,et al.  Observation, history, and physical examination in diagnosis of serious illnesses in febrile children ≤24 months* , 1987 .

[109]  S. Cohen,et al.  Pneumococcal bacteremia in pediatric patients. , 1982, Annals of emergency medicine.

[110]  D. Morens WBC count and differential. Value in predicting bacterial diseases in children. , 1979, A M A Journal of Diseases of Children.

[111]  P. Woolley,et al.  Diplococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. , 1970, American journal of diseases of children.

[112]  O. Idsøe,et al.  Nature and extent of penicillin side-reactions, with particular reference to fatalities from anaphylactic shock. , 1968, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.