Evaluation of pedestrian safety in unsignalized T and X – Intersections through comparison of the frequency and severity of pedestrian conflicts

Abstract Accidents have an increasing trend during the last decades leading to the importance of safety analysis of traffic facilities. There is a lack of quantity and quality of crash information in nations like India. Conflicts based analysis is better than crash based analysis in these cases. This paper aims to compare the safety of T and X-intersections using the Pedestrian Vehicle Conflicts Analysis (PVCA) method using data extracted from the videographic survey. This paper also aims at the use of Vissim and Surrogate Safety Assessment Models to suggest remedial measures. The PVCA method showed that controlled intersections are safer than uncontrolled intersections. The restriction of many pedestrian crossings to two crossings led to a reduction in conflicts as per the simulation results. It reduced the pedestrian conflicts at the T-intersection by 24.11 percent and X-intersection by 31.46 percent. A practical option to reduce conflicts is the prohibition of jaywalking within the influence area of an intersection during peak hours.

[1]  Mohamed Abdel-Aty,et al.  Examining traffic crash injury severity at unsignalized intersections. , 2010, Journal of safety research.

[2]  Ioannis Kaparias,et al.  Development and Implementation of a Vehicle–Pedestrian Conflict Analysis Method , 2010 .

[3]  S. K. Prusty,et al.  The calibration of vehicle and pedestrian flow in Mangalore city using PARAMICS , 2014 .

[4]  K Obeng,et al.  Gender differences in injury severity risks in crashes at signalized intersections. , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[5]  Vincenzo Punzo,et al.  Comparison of Simulation-Based and Model-Based Calibrations of Traffic-Flow Microsimulation Models , 2008 .

[6]  Dominique Lord,et al.  Analysis of Pedestrian Conflicts with Left-Turning Traffic , 1996 .

[7]  Ioannis Kaparias,et al.  Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Traffic Conflicts in Street Designs with Elements of Shared Space , 2013 .

[8]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Automated Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflicts Using Video Data , 2009 .

[9]  A. Moudon,et al.  The risk of pedestrian injury and fatality in collisions with motor vehicles, a social ecological study of state routes and city streets in King County, Washington. , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[10]  Chuanyun Fu,et al.  Investigating crash injury severity at unsignalized intersections in Heilongjiang Province, China , 2014 .

[11]  Essam Radwan,et al.  Determination if VISSIM and SSAM could estimate pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at signalized intersections , 2018 .

[12]  Zoi Christoforou,et al.  Crossing road intersections in old age—With or without risks? Perceptions of risk and crossing behaviours among the elderly , 2018 .

[13]  Mehdi Moeinaddini,et al.  Pedestrian safety index for evaluating street facilities in urban areas , 2015 .

[14]  Gowri Asaithambi,et al.  Pedestrian Road Crossing Behavior Under Mixed Traffic Conditions: A Comparative Study of an Intersection Before and After Implementing Control Measures , 2016 .

[15]  Yu-Chiun Chiou,et al.  Modeling two-vehicle crash severity by a bivariate generalized ordered probit approach. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[16]  Michael J Cynecki.  DEVELOPMENT OF CONFLICTS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS , 1980 .

[17]  Isam Kaysi,et al.  Pedestrian–vehicular interactions in a mixed street environment , 2018, Transportation Letters.

[18]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Models to evaluate the severity of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts in five cities , 2018, Transportmetrica A: Transport Science.

[19]  Salvatore Leonardi,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Pedestrian Accidents Risk at Unsignalized Intersections , 2015 .

[20]  M J Cynecki,et al.  A REVIEW OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES AND ABROAD , 2004 .

[21]  Zhixiang Fang,et al.  Quantitative analysis of lane-based pedestrian-vehicle conflict at a non-signalized marked crosswalk , 2016 .

[22]  Robert B. Noland,et al.  Pedestrian and Vehicle Flow Calibration in Multimodal Traffic Microsimulation , 2009 .

[23]  Deepti Muley,et al.  Prediction of Traffic Conflicts at Signalized Intersections using SSAM , 2018, ANT/SEIT.

[24]  Rania Wehbe,et al.  Using intelligent transportation systems to enhance pedestrian safety at Beirut signalized intersection , 2017, 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS).

[25]  Brian L Allen,et al.  ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CONFLICTS AND COLLISIONS , 1978 .

[26]  Shakil Mohammad Rifaat,et al.  Factors contributing to the severity of intersection crashes , 2007 .

[27]  Natalia Casado-Sanz,et al.  Population ageing and rural road accidents: Analysis of accident severity in traffic crashes with older pedestrians on Spanish crosstown roads , 2019, Research in Transportation Business & Management.

[28]  Amin Ariannezhad,et al.  A Study of Sex Differences on Road Crash Severity , 2018, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering (ICCSTE'18).

[29]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Application of Computer Vision to Diagnosis of Pedestrian Safety Issues , 2013 .