The structure of the defence glands of the Cicindelidae, Amphizoidae, and Hygrobiidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)

An account is given of the structure of the thoracic and pygidial defence glands of Hygrobia hermanni (F.) and of the pygidial glands of Amphizoa insolens Leconte, and Cicindela campestris L. The phylogenetic significance of differences in structure is discussed.