Concepts for bridged cracks in fracture and fatigue

Some recent work on length scales in bridged crack problems is reviewed and enlarged upon. Fundamental differences are highlighted between the solutions obtainable from bridged crack models (nonvanishing crack tip stress intensity factor, Ktip) and traditional cohesive zone models (vanishing Ktip); and from models for which the bridging tractions are nonincreasing (softening) and increasing (hardening) functions of the crack opening displacement. The roles of length scales in determining ductility, notch sensitivity, and whether failure is catastrophic or noncatastrophic are discussed. Length scales for monotonic loading are extended to cyclic loading.

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