Quantification of El Niño Southern Oscillation impact on precipitation and streamflows for improved management of water resources in Alabama

There is increased pressure on the water resources of the southeastern United States due to the rapidly growing population of the region. This pressure is further exacerbated by the severe seasonal to interannual climate variability this region experiences, most of which has been attributed to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Understanding the regional impacts of ENSO on precipitation and streamflow is a valuable tool for water resource managers in the region. This study was undertaken to develop a clear picture of the effect of ENSO on observed precipitation and streamflow anomalies in Alabama to help managers in the state with decision making. The effect of ENSO on precipitation in eight climate divisions of Alabama was assessed using 59 years (1950 to 2008) of monthly historical data. In addition, eight unimpaired streams (one in each climate division) were selected to study the relationship between ENSO and streamflow. Results indicate a significant relationship between ENSO and precipitation as well as between ENSO and streamflow. However, different parts of the state respond differently to ENSO. For precipitation, it was found that the relationship is significant during winter months with dry conditions being associated with La Niña in the southern climate divisions. A fairly strong relationship was also found during other months. Streamflows show high variability and positive correlation during winter months in the southern climate divisions. The results obtained can provide a basis for water resource managers in Alabama to incorporate climate variability caused by ENSO in their decision making related to soil and water conservation.

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