A Review of the Four Dimension Antenna Arrays

The four dimensional (4D) antenna arrays introduce a fourth dimension, time, into conventional antenna arrays to offer greater flexibility in the design of high performance antenna arrays. This paper presents the tutorial on the study of 4D antenna arrays and the review of the recent research findings on 4D antenna arrays. Issues considered include the theory of 4D antenna arrays, different time modulation schemes, numerical simulation results, and some experimental results on their applications to low sidelobe designs. Throughout the discussion, some challenging issues on the study of 4D antenna arrays are highlighted.

[1]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Low sidelobe phased array antennas with time modulation , 2003, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450).

[2]  A. Villeneuve,et al.  Taylor patterns for discrete arrays , 1984 .

[3]  Ares,et al.  Optimizing uniformly excited linear arrays through time modulation , 2004, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[4]  H. Shanks,et al.  FOUR-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATORS , 1959 .

[5]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Sideband suppression in time-modulated linear arrays by the differential evolution algorithm , 2002 .

[6]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Evaluation of directivity and gain for time‐modulated linear antenna arrays , 2004 .

[7]  W. Kummer,et al.  Ultra-low sidelobes from time-modulated arrays , 1963 .

[8]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Comparative Study of Low Sidelobe Time Modulated Linear Arrays with Different Time Schemes , 2004 .

[9]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Linear antenna arrays with bidirectional phase center motion , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[10]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Design of a uniform amplitude time modulated linear array with optimized time sequences , 2005 .

[11]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Antenna‐array pattern nulling using a differential evolution algorithm , 2004 .

[12]  Robert J. Mailloux,et al.  Phased Array Antenna Handbook , 1993 .

[13]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  A new technique for power-pattern synthesis in time-modulated linear arrays , 2003 .

[14]  A. Rydberg,et al.  Synthesis of uniform amplitude unequally spaced antenna arrays using the differential evolution algorithm , 2003 .

[15]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Design of a uniform amplitude time modulated linear array with optimized time sequences , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[16]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Moving phase center antenna arrays with optimized static excitations , 2003 .

[17]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Mutual coupling compensation in time modulated linear antenna arrays , 2005 .

[18]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Sideband suppression in time-modulated linear arrays by the differential evolution algorithm , 2002, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[19]  H. Schrank,et al.  Low sidelobe phased array antennas , 1983, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter.

[20]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Time modulated planar arrays with square lattices and circular boundaries , 2005 .

[21]  B. Lewis,et al.  A new technique for reducing radar response to signals entering antenna sidelobes , 1983 .