Dynamic Scheduling of Multi-Type Battery Charging Stations for EV Battery Swapping

This paper studies dynamic scheduling of a self-interested battery charging station that provides fully-charged batteries for electric vehicle (EV) battery swapping services. The charging station receives multi-type battery orders from the demand side, and it can refuse the orders or admit part of the orders according to current system states. If admitted, battery orders have to be served completely before predefined deadlines. Based on Lyapunov optimization framework, a dynamic scheduling approach is developed, which allows the charging station to observe real-time system states and make scheduling decisions in an online fashion. In theoretical analysis, the feasibility and suboptimality of the proposed approach are proven. Based on the analysis, the feasible ranges of algorithm parameters are derived, ensuring that battery orders can be completed before deadlines. In simulation, actual real-time electricity data is used. The results show that the proposed approach satisfies the deadline constraints and achieves higher profit than other benchmark approaches.