Phase conversion and morphology evolution during hydrothermal preparation of orthorhombic LiMnO2 nanorods for lithium ion battery application

Abstract This paper reports a hydrothermal conversion of MnOOH needles into orthorhombic LiMnO 2 nanorods for lithium ion battery application. XRD investigation indicated phase conversion during the Li ion incorporation, and several intermediate phases were formed during the hydrothermal reaction. SEM observation of the sample powder revealed morphological changes during the process, showing that LiOH, not only worked as the Li ion source during the incorporation, but also served as the corrosive media to create nanorod like shape. TEM observation revealed the single crystalline nature of the nanorods and a preferred growth direction along b axis direction was also determined. o-LiMnO 2 nanorods prepared by such hydrothermal routine showed high electric capacity and stable cyclability at current density of 1/10 C , indicating potential application in the lithium ion battery field.

[1]  Chung‐Hsin Lu,et al.  Reverse-microemulsion preparation and characterization of ultrafine orthorhombic LiMnO2 powders for lithium-ion secondary batteries , 2004 .

[2]  Y. Nitta,et al.  Synthesis and reaction mechanism of 3 V LiMnO2 , 1999 .

[3]  Seung‐Taek Myung,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical behavior of orthorhombic LiMnO2 , 2002 .

[4]  K. Ooi,et al.  Synthesis of orthorhombic LiMnO2 by solid-phase reaction under steam atmosphere and a study of its heat and acid-treated phases , 2002 .

[5]  G. Tendeloo,et al.  Transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy analysis of manganese oxide nanowires , 2005 .

[6]  K. Ooi,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of lithium nickel manganese oxides and their delithiated phases , 2002 .

[7]  Seung‐Taek Myung,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of orthorhombic LiCoxMn1-xO2 and their structural changes during cycling , 2002 .

[8]  J. J. Murray,et al.  Electrochemistry of LiMnO2 over an extended potential range , 1997 .

[9]  Mengqiang Wu,et al.  Low temperature hydrothermally synthesized nanocrystalline orthorhombic LiMnO 2 cathode material for lithium-ion cells , 2003 .

[10]  C. Delmas,et al.  A new variety of LiMnO2 with a layered structure , 1996 .

[11]  Gareth R. Williams,et al.  Incorporation of Li into MnOOH: An In Situ X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Study , 2006 .

[12]  Ying Shirley Meng,et al.  Electrodes with High Power and High Capacity for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries , 2006, Science.

[13]  J. Dahn,et al.  Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of LiMnO2 Prepared at Low Temperatures , 1993 .

[14]  J. Dahn,et al.  Layered Li‐Mn‐Oxide with the O2 Structure: A Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Cells Which Does Not Convert to Spinel , 1999 .

[15]  M. Thackeray,et al.  An Investigation of Spinel‐Related and Orthorhombic LiMnO2 Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries , 1994 .

[16]  Peter G. Bruce,et al.  Synthesis of layered LiMnO2 as an electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries , 1996, Nature.

[17]  Zhiqing Yuan,et al.  Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Nanosized Orthorhombic LiMnO2 , 2009 .

[18]  M. Tabuchi,et al.  Synthesis of LiMnO2 with α ‐ NaMnO2‐Type Structure by a Mixed‐Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction , 1998 .

[19]  Seung‐Taek Myung,et al.  Hydrothermal phase formation of orthorhombic LiMnO2 and its derivatives as lithium intercalation compounds , 2006 .

[20]  Y. Idemoto,et al.  Properties, Crystal Structure, and Performance of o- LiMnO2 as Cathode Material for Li Secondary Batteries , 2006 .

[21]  MyungSeung-Taek,et al.  Orthorhombic LiMnO2 as a High Capacity Cathode for Lithium-Ion Battery Synthesized by Hydrothermal Route at 170 °C , 2001 .

[22]  Mengqiang Wu,et al.  Nanocrystalline orthorhombic LiMnO2 cathode materials synthesized by a two-step liquid-phase thermal process , 2004 .

[23]  Y. H. Zhao,et al.  Influence of pin geometry on material flow in friction stir welding process , 2006 .

[24]  L. Croguennec,et al.  Electrochemical Cyclability of Orthorhombic LiMnO2 Characterization of Cycled Materials , 1997 .

[25]  Xiao Ya Hu,et al.  Simple hydrothermal preparation of γ-MnOOH nanowires and their low-temperature thermal conversion to β-MnO2 nanowires , 2005 .