Analysis of Broadband Psi (Ψ)-Shaped Microstrip Antennas

A new Ψ -shaped microstrip antenna is reported, which increased the bandwidth of the E-shaped microstrip antenna by cutting an additional pair of slots on the other radiating edge of the E-shaped patch. The Ψ -shaped patch yielded a bandwidth of nearly 60% at a center frequency of around 5500 MHz. It gave a maximum gain of more than 10 dBi, which reduced to less than 4 dBi towards the higher frequencies of the bandwidth. In this paper, the broadband responses of the E-shaped and the reported Ψ -shaped patches are studied. In the E-shaped patch, the pair of rectangular slots did not introduce any mode, but modified the TM20 mode's resonance frequency of the patch and, along with the fundamental TM01 mode, resulted in the broadband response. Furthermore, when an additional pair of slots were cut to realize the Ψ -shaped patch, they modified the higher-order TM21 mode's resonance frequency of the patch. Along with the modified TM20 and TM01 modes, this yielded a larger bandwidth. Since the TM21 mode was present towards the higher frequencies of the bandwidth, the gain was reduced to less than 4 dBi. Furthermore, a proximity-fed design of a Ψ -shaped microstrip antenna in the same frequency band was proposed. The proposed configuration gave a higher bandwidth compared to the reported Ψ -shaped patch, with better gain characteristics over the bandwidth. A proximity-fed design of the Ψ -shaped patch in the 1000 MHz frequency band was also proposed. It gave a bandwidth of more than 50% with a broadside radiation pattern, and a gain of more than 8 dBi over the complete bandwidth.

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