Protective properties of kefir on burn wounds of mice that were infected with S. aureus, P. auroginasa and E. coli.

Burns and burn wounds are very sensitive to infections and cause a large amount of death worldwide. Although burn wound is sterile at the beginning, because of the risk factors such as prolonged hospital stay, immune suppression and burn affecting large surface area, colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli occur. For the burn therapy, one of the most important ways is to control bacterial infections. A probiotic fermented milk product kefir has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer and various health promoting features. This study aims to examine possible protective properties of kefir which was used on the burn wounds that were infected with S. aureus, P. auroginasa and E. coli.  Swiss albino / Balb-c mice were seperated into four groups: (1) used as control group, (2) second-degree burn model+ burn wounds were infected with P.aeruginosa + S.aureus + E.coli, (3) second-burn wounds were treated with sterile pads dressed with kefir and (4) second-degree burn+burn wounds were infected with P. aeruginosa + S.aureus +E.coli before being treated with sterile pads dressed with kefir. The serum biochemical results verified the histopathological results and our findings showed that kefir is an effective product with cell-protecting properties.

[1]  Hongfang Zhang,et al.  Burn wound healing potential of a polysaccharide from Sanguisorba officinalis L. in mice. , 2018, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[2]  E. Dertli,et al.  Microbial diversity of traditional kefir grains and their role on kefir aroma , 2017 .

[3]  W. Yin,et al.  Effect of Paris polyphylla extract on second-degree burns in rats , 2016 .

[4]  Marcus J. Claesson,et al.  Microbial Succession and Flavor Production in the Fermented Dairy Beverage Kefir , 2016, mSystems.

[5]  C. Soccol,et al.  Milk kefir: composition, microbial cultures, biological activities, and related products , 2015, Front. Microbiol..

[6]  F. De Filippis,et al.  Bacteria and yeast microbiota in milk kefir grains from different Italian regions. , 2015, Food microbiology.

[7]  Pedro L Granja,et al.  Advanced biofabrication strategies for skin regeneration and repair. , 2013, Nanomedicine.

[8]  Salman Khan,et al.  Kefir and Health: A Contemporary Perspective , 2013, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[9]  S. Delgado,et al.  Assessment of the microbial diversity of Brazilian kefir grains by PCR-DGGE and pyrosequencing analysis. , 2012, Food microbiology.

[10]  M. Fazeli,et al.  Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products. , 2012, Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.

[11]  L. Domingues,et al.  Comparative study of the biochemical changes and volatile compound formations during the production of novel whey-based kefir beverages and traditional milk kefir , 2011 .

[12]  J. Jeng,et al.  A Review of the Local Pathophysiologic Bases of Burn Wound Progression , 2010, Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association.

[13]  E. Verna,et al.  Use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders: what to recommend? , 2010, Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology.

[14]  L. Cancio,et al.  Contribution of bacterial and viral infections to attributable mortality in patients with severe burns: an autopsy series. , 2010, Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.

[15]  Y. Kimura,et al.  Enhancing effects of a chromone glycoside, eucryphin, isolated from Astilbe rhizomes on burn wound repair and its mechanism. , 2010, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[16]  D. Herndon,et al.  Emerging infections in burns. , 2009, Surgical infections.

[17]  Ming-Ju Chen,et al.  Microbiological study of lactic acid bacteria in kefir grains by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. , 2008, Food microbiology.

[18]  L. Edelman Social and economic factors associated with the risk of burn injury. , 2007, Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.

[19]  M. Vijayakumar,et al.  Ethnopharmacological approaches to wound healing--exploring medicinal plants of India. , 2007, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[20]  A. Bekatorou,et al.  Kefir-yeast technology: industrial scale-up of alcoholic fermentation of whey, promoted by raisin extracts, using kefir-yeast granular biomass. , 2007 .

[21]  H. Gaskins,et al.  Cross-talk between probiotic bacteria and the host immune system. , 2007, The Journal of nutrition.

[22]  F. Lopitz-Otsoa,et al.  Kefir: a symbiotic yeasts-bacteria community with alleged healthy capabilities. , 2006, Revista iberoamericana de micologia.

[23]  J. C. Carvalho,et al.  Antimicrobial and healing activity of kefir and kefiran extract. , 2005, International journal of antimicrobial agents.

[24]  A. Servin,et al.  Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens. , 2004, FEMS microbiology reviews.

[25]  V. Gupta,et al.  Aerobic bacterial isolates from burn wound infections and their antibiograms--a five-year study. , 2004, Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.

[26]  R. Bang,et al.  Burn Septicaemia in Kuwait: Associated Demographic and Clinical Factors , 2004, Medical Principles and Practice.

[27]  A. Lansdown,et al.  How safe is silver in wound care? , 2004, Journal of wound care.

[28]  Alan L Miller,et al.  Nutritional support for wound healing. , 2003, Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic.

[29]  C. Goodwin,et al.  Burn Wound Infections: Current Status , 1998, World Journal of Surgery.

[30]  R. Winchurch,et al.  Inhibition of apoptosis in polymorphonuclear neutrophils from burn patients , 1996, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[31]  V. Lorian Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology , 1990 .

[32]  J. Settle Infection in burns. , 1985, The Journal of hospital infection.

[33]  B. Brooker,et al.  Observations on the structure of kefir grains and the distribution of the microflora , 1984 .