Preoperative simulation by volume rendering image and intraoperative navigation by ultrasound for posterior urethroplasty: A report of initial three cases

In posterior urethroplasty, exposure of the proximal urethral stump is the most important step that determines surgical outcome. However, this is sometimes difficult due to deviation of the prostate or overlying scar tissue. We present a novel preoperative simulation and intraoperative navigation method for this step.