Covert Reorienting and Inhibition of Return: An Event-Related fMRI Study

Using event-related fMRI, we analyzed the functional neuroanatomy of covert reorienting and inhibition of return (IOR). Covert reorienting to a target appearing within 250 msec after an invalid contralateral location cue elicited increased activation in the left fronto-polar cortex (LFPC), right anterior and left posterior middle frontal gyrus, and right cerebellum, areas that have previously been associated with attentional processes, specifically attentional change. In contrast, IOR, which leads to prolonged response times to targets that appear at the cued location at a stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA)>250 msec, was accompanied by increased activation in brain areas involved in oculomotor programming, such as the right medial frontal gyrus (supplementary eye field; SEF) and the right inferior precentral sulcus (frontal eye field; FEF), supporting the oculomotor bias theory of IOR. Pre-SEF and pre-FEF areas were involved both in covert reorienting and IOR. The supramarginal gyri were bilaterally involved in IOR, with the right supramarginal gyrus additionally involved in covert reorienting.

[1]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Event‐related f MRI , 1997, Human brain mapping.

[2]  F. Tomaiuolo,et al.  The anatomy of neglect without hemianopia: a key role for parietal–frontal disconnection? , 2003, Neuroreport.

[3]  Glyn W. Humphreys,et al.  Visual marking: using time in visual selection , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[4]  Stefan Pollmann,et al.  Left and right occipital cortices differ in their response to spatial cueing , 2003, NeuroImage.

[5]  H J Müller,et al.  Top-down controlled visual dimension weighting: an event-related fMRI study. , 2002, Cerebral cortex.

[6]  G Lohmann,et al.  LIPSIA--a new software system for the evaluation of functional magnetic resonance images of the human brain. , 2001, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[7]  E. Bullmore,et al.  Mapping Motor Inhibition: Conjunctive Brain Activations across Different Versions of Go/No-Go and Stop Tasks , 2001, NeuroImage.

[8]  H. Fukuyama,et al.  Dissociable mechanisms of attentional control within the human prefrontal cortex. , 2001, Cerebral cortex.

[9]  S. Zeki,et al.  The neurology of saccades and covert shifts in spatial attention: an event-related fMRI study. , 2000, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[10]  R. Klein,et al.  Visual and motor effects in inhibition of return. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[11]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  A comparison of frontoparietal fMRI activation during anti-saccades and anti-pointing. , 2000, Journal of neurophysiology.

[12]  E. Koechlin,et al.  Dissociating the role of the medial and lateral anterior prefrontal cortex in human planning. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  S. Petersen,et al.  Characterizing the Hemodynamic Response: Effects of Presentation Rate, Sampling Procedure, and the Possibility of Ordering Brain Activity Based on Relative Timing , 2000, NeuroImage.

[14]  S. Pollmann,et al.  A Fronto-Posterior Network Involved in Visual Dimension Changes , 2000, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[15]  M. Corbetta,et al.  Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[16]  D. Gitelman,et al.  Covert Visual Spatial Orienting and Saccades: Overlapping Neural Systems , 2000, NeuroImage.

[17]  G. Mangun,et al.  The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[18]  V Bosch,et al.  Statistical analysis of multi‐subject fMRI data: Assessment of focal activations , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[19]  P. Maruff,et al.  Spatiotemporal distribution of facilitation and inhibition of return arising from the reflexive orienting of covert attention. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[20]  A. Dove,et al.  Prefrontal cortex activation in task switching: an event-related fMRI study. , 2000, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[21]  Stefan Pollmann,et al.  Event‐related fMRI: Comparison of conditions with varying BOLD overlap , 2000, Human brain mapping.

[22]  Avishai Henik,et al.  Inhibition of return in spatial attention: direct evidence for collicular generation , 1999, Nature Neuroscience.

[23]  A. Berthoz,et al.  An anatomical landmark for the supplementary eye fields in human revealed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[24]  J. Pratt,et al.  Inhibition of return is composed of attentional and oculomotor processes , 1999, Perception & psychophysics.

[25]  Joel R. Meyer,et al.  A large-scale distributed network for covert spatial attention: further anatomical delineation based on stringent behavioural and cognitive controls. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[26]  E. DeYoe,et al.  A physiological correlate of the 'spotlight' of visual attention , 1999, Nature Neuroscience.

[27]  A. Nobre,et al.  The Large-Scale Neural Network for Spatial Attention Displays Multifunctional Overlap But Differential Asymmetry , 1999, NeuroImage.

[28]  Stephen M. Rao,et al.  Neural Basis of Endogenous and Exogenous Spatial Orienting: A Functional MRI Study , 1999, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[29]  C. Frith,et al.  Orbitofrontal cortex is activated during breaches of expectation in tasks of visual attention , 1999, Nature Neuroscience.

[30]  M. Petrides,et al.  Directed attention after unilateral frontal excisions in humans , 1998, Neuropsychologia.

[31]  Raymond M. Klein,et al.  On the causes and effects of inhibition of return , 1998 .

[32]  A. Dale,et al.  The Retinotopy of Visual Spatial Attention , 1998, Neuron.

[33]  C. Kennard,et al.  Saccadic eye movement and working memory deficits following damage to human prefrontal cortex , 1998, Neuropsychologia.

[34]  Stefan Pollmann,et al.  Use of Short Intertrial Intervals in Single-Trial Experiments: A 3T fMRI-Study , 1998, NeuroImage.

[35]  M. Corbetta,et al.  A Common Network of Functional Areas for Attention and Eye Movements , 1998, Neuron.

[36]  A. Nobre,et al.  Where and When to Pay Attention: The Neural Systems for Directing Attention to Spatial Locations and to Time Intervals as Revealed by Both PET and fMRI , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[37]  F. J. Friedrich,et al.  Spatial attention deficits in humans: a comparison of superior parietal and temporal-parietal junction lesions. , 1998, Neuropsychology.

[38]  Y. Miyashita,et al.  No‐go dominant brain activity in human inferior prefrontal cortex revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging , 1998, The European journal of neuroscience.

[39]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  An area specialized for spatial working memory in human frontal cortex. , 1998, Science.

[40]  B. J. McCurtain,et al.  Dorsal cortical regions subserving visually guided saccades in humans: an fMRI study. , 1998, Cerebral cortex.

[41]  E. Courchesne,et al.  Attentional Activation of the Cerebellum Independent of Motor Involvement , 1997, Science.

[42]  Richard S. J. Frackowiak,et al.  Functional localization of the system for visuospatial attention using positron emission tomography. , 1997, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[43]  A. Dale,et al.  Selective averaging of rapidly presented individual trials using fMRI , 1997, Human brain mapping.

[44]  T. Paus.  Location and function of the human frontal eye-field: A selective review , 1996, Neuropsychologia.

[45]  A. Berthoz,et al.  Functional Anatomy of a Prelearned Sequence of Horizontal Saccades in Humans , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[46]  Amishi P. Jha,et al.  What Is Inhibited in Inhibition of Return , 1996 .

[47]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Movement‐Related effects in fMRI time‐series , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[48]  P. Reuter-Lorenz,et al.  What is inhibited in inhibition of return? , 1996, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[49]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex. , 1996, Cerebral cortex.

[50]  M. Masson,et al.  Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs , 1994, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[51]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach , 1994 .

[52]  M. Corbetta,et al.  A PET study of visuospatial attention , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[53]  C. Olson,et al.  Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex: the anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions. , 1992, Cerebral cortex.

[54]  M. Corbetta,et al.  Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[55]  M. Torrens.  Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268 , 1990 .

[56]  G. Tassinari,et al.  Ipsilateral inhibition and contralateral facilitation of simple reaction time to non-foveal visual targets from non-informative visual cues. , 1989, Acta psychologica.

[57]  C. A. Marzi,et al.  Distribution in the visual field of the costs of voluntarily allocated attention and of the inhibitory after-effects of covert orienting , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[58]  M. Posner,et al.  Inhibition of return : Neural basis and function , 1985 .

[59]  M. Posner,et al.  Components of visual orienting , 1984 .

[60]  M. Posner,et al.  Orienting of Attention* , 1980, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[61]  R. C. Oldfield.  The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. , 1971, Neuropsychologia.

[62]  R. C. Oldfield.  THE ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF HANDEDNESS , 1971 .