Cigarette smoking and male reproduction.

The effects of cigarette smoking on male reproduction were studied through measuring the serum estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and total testosterone (T). Smoking men had higher levels of E2 and PRL but normal T compared to nonsmokers. Raised E2 and PRL may be among the mechanisms through which cigarette smoking impairs male reproduction.

[1]  D. Failes,et al.  SYSTEMIC NOCARDIOSIS PRESENTING AS A BREAST ABSCESS , 1965, The Medical journal of Australia.

[2]  B. Sachs,et al.  Smoking and Reproduction , 1987 .

[3]  V. Gossain,et al.  Hormonal effects of smoking , 1978 .

[4]  F. Pettersson,et al.  Epidemiology of secondary amenorrhea. I. Incidence and prevalence rates. , 1973, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[5]  Briggs Mh.  Cigarette smoking and infertility in men. , 1973 .

[6]  B. Godfrey.  SPERM MORPHOLOGY IN SMOKERS , 1981, The Lancet.

[7]  J. Dalen,et al.  Serum estradiol levels in male cigarette smokers. , 1984, The American journal of medicine.

[8]  F. Pettersson,et al.  Epidemiology of secondary amenorrhea , 1974 .

[9]  C. V. Van Itallie,et al.  Regulation of prolactin production and cell growth by estradiol: difference in sensitivity to estradiol occurs at level of messenger ribonucleic acid accumulation. , 1987, Endocrinology.

[10]  R. Barbieri,et al.  Constituents of cigarette smoke inhibit human granulosa cell aromatase. , 1986, Fertility and sterility.

[11]  C. Deb,et al.  Adrenogonadal Interactions in Nicotine‐Induced Alteration of Steroidogenesis in Male Rat , 2009, Andrologia.

[12]  A. Tabor,et al.  Prolactin and Pituitary‐Gonadal Function in Cigarette Smoking Infertile Patients , 2009, Andrologia.

[13]  David J. Handelsman,et al.  Testicular function in potential sperm donors: normal ranges and the effects of smoking and varicocele. , 1984, International journal of andrology.

[14]  C. O'brien,et al.  The effect of alcohol and smoking on testosterone function and aggression in chronic alcoholics. , 1977, The American journal of psychiatry.

[15]  L. Robertson,et al.  Plasma alcohol, smoking, hormone concentrations and self-reported aggression. A study in a social-drinking situation. , 1975, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[16]  C. Karagounis,et al.  Semen parameters compared between smoking and non-smoking men: smoking intensity and semen parameters , 1985 .

[17]  L. Kuller,et al.  The epidemiology of plasma testosterone levels in middle-aged men. , 1981, American journal of epidemiology.

[18]  R. Ablin,et al.  Cigarette smoking and its possible effects on sperm. , 1985, Fertility and sterility.

[19]  L. Kuller,et al.  Plasma testosterone, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions. , 1981, The American journal of cardiology.

[20]  W. Winternitz,et al.  Acute Hormonal Response to Cigarette Smoking , 1977, Journal of clinical pharmacology.

[21]  E. C. Balossi,et al.  Prolactin: a link between smoking and decreased fertility? , 1986 .

[22]  M. Shaarawy,et al.  Endocrine profile and semen characteristics in male smokers. , 1982, Fertility and sterility.

[23]  E. C. Hammond,et al.  Smoking in relation to physical complaints. , 1961, Archives of environmental health.

[24]  E. Steinberger,et al.  Cigarette smoking and semen quality. , 1982, Fertility and sterility.

[25]  O. Pomerleau,et al.  Pituitary hormone response to cigarette smoking , 1986, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[26]  D. Mattison.  The effects of smoking on fertility from gametogenesis to implantation. , 1982, Environmental research.

[27]  W. Heller,et al.  Sperm quality of healthy smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers. , 1986, Fertility and sterility.

[28]  D. Rovner,et al.  Hormonal Effects of Smoking—II: Effects on Plasma Cortisol, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin , 1986, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[29]  R. Stedman.  The chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke. , 1968, Chemical reviews.