Empowering Engagement: Understanding Social Media User Sense of Influence

ABSTRACT For all the hope and hype hailing the democratizing effect of social media, few studies have explained public influence as an element of social media engagement. Insight into how and why individuals attempt to exert influence over organizations online is particularly underdeveloped. This study takes the first step in understanding sense of influence online through in-depth interviews with social media users. Findings call into question assumptions in research about the motives and meanings underlying individual efforts to exert influence via social media. The data from 19 in-depth interviews with active social media users suggest that sense of influence is enacted for social relationships rather than to influence organizations or society, and information is the driving force of that effort. Findings also place the imperative on strategic communication to emphasize the value of the organization’s role on social interaction toward a fully functioning society.

[1]  N. Denzin,et al.  Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research. , 2005 .

[2]  Sean D. Williams Is that all there is? A literature review and potential approach to measuring influence in social media , 2013 .

[3]  Peiyu Pai,et al.  User adoption of social networking sites: Eliciting uses and gratifications through a means-end approach , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[4]  E. Toth The Future of Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management : Challenges for the Next Generation , 2007 .

[5]  Gregory D. Saxton,et al.  Engaging Stakeholders Through Twitter: How Nonprofit Organizations Are Getting More Out of 140 Characters or Less , 2010, ArXiv.

[6]  Stephen A. Rains,et al.  The Social Dimension of Blogging about Health: Health Blogging, Social Support, and Well-being , 2011 .

[7]  Lucinda L. Austin,et al.  How Audiences Seek Out Crisis Information: Exploring the Social-Mediated Crisis Communication Model , 2012 .

[8]  Grant Mccracken The long interview , 1988 .

[9]  Yan Jin,et al.  Keeping up with the digital age: How the American Red Cross uses social media to build relationships , 2011 .

[10]  Glen M. Broom,et al.  Toward a Concept and Theory of Organization-Public Relationships , 1997 .

[11]  Donald K. Wright,et al.  An Updated Examination of Social and Emerging Media Use in Public Relations Practice: A Longitudinal Analysis Between 2006 and 2014 , 2013 .

[12]  Eyun‐Jung Ki,et al.  A Measure of Relationship Cultivation Strategies , 2008 .

[13]  P. Berthon,et al.  Understanding Consumer Conversations Around Ads in a Web 2.0 World , 2011 .

[14]  J. Verhoeven,et al.  Self-censorship on Internal Social Media: A Case Study of Coworker Communication Behavior in a Danish Bank , 2016 .

[15]  Heather L. O'Brien,et al.  Theoretical Perspectives on User Engagement , 2016, Why Engagement Matters.

[16]  Mohammad Reza Habibi,et al.  The roles of brand community and community engagement in building brand trust on social media , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[17]  Joon Soo Lim,et al.  The Effects of Blog-Mediated Public Relations (BMPR) on Relational Trust , 2009 .

[18]  Maureen Taylor,et al.  The effects of organizational Twitter interactivity on organization–public relationships , 2013 .

[19]  S. Shyam Sundar,et al.  User Engagement with Interactive Media: A Communication Perspective , 2016, Why Engagement Matters.

[20]  Donald K. Wright,et al.  Examining How Social and Emerging Media Have Been Used in Public Relations Between 2006 and 2012: A Longitudinal Analysis , 2012 .

[21]  Michael L. Kent,et al.  Dialogic Engagement: Clarifying Foundational Concepts , 2014 .

[22]  Hyunjin Seo,et al.  Global activism and new media: A study of transnational NGOs’ online public relations , 2009 .

[23]  Wan-Hsiu Sunny Tsai,et al.  Perceptual, Attitudinal, and Behavioral Outcomes of Organization–Public Engagement on Corporate Social Networking Sites , 2014 .

[24]  Eyun‐Jung Ki,et al.  The Status of Online Public Relations Research: An Analysis of Published Articles in 1992–2009 , 2012 .

[25]  Denise Haunani Solomon,et al.  Factors that Predict Married Partners' Disclosures about Infertility to Social Network Members , 2011 .

[26]  S. Kvale The Social Construction of Validity , 1995 .

[27]  Kim A. Johnston Public Relations and Engagement: Theoretical Imperatives of a Multidimensional Concept , 2014 .

[28]  黃懿慧 From organizational effectiveness to relationship indicators: Antecedents of relationships public relations strategies and relationship outcomes , 1999 .

[29]  Marcia W. DiStaso,et al.  How public relations executives perceive and measure the impact of social media in their organizatio , 2011 .

[30]  John A. Ledingham,et al.  From Organizational Effectiveness to Relationship Indicators: Antecedents of Relationships, Public Relations Strategies, and Relationship Outcomes , 2000 .

[31]  M. Toledano,et al.  Professional competition and cooperation in the digital age: A pilot study of New Zealand practitioners , 2010 .

[32]  J. Chesebro,et al.  What Makes Qualitative Research Qualitative? , 2007 .

[33]  Gregory D. Saxton,et al.  What do Stakeholders Like on Facebook? Examining Public Reactions to Nonprofit Organizations’ Informational, Promotional, and Community-Building Messages , 2014 .

[34]  C. K. Weaver Carnivalesque activism as a public relations genre: A case study of the New Zealand group Mothers Against Genetic Engineering , 2010 .

[35]  A. Strauss,et al.  The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research aldine de gruyter , 1968 .

[36]  Elsamari Botha,et al.  Managing the New Media: Tools for Brand Management in Social Media , 2015 .

[37]  Minjeong Kang,et al.  Understanding Public Engagement: Conceptualizing and Measuring its Influence on Supportive Behavioral Intentions , 2014 .

[38]  Anabel Quan-Haase,et al.  A Model of Social Media Engagement: User Profiles, Gratifications, and Experiences , 2016, Why Engagement Matters.

[39]  Derina R. Holtzhausen Postmodern Values in Public Relations , 2000 .

[40]  L. Men How employee empowerment influences organizationemployee relationship in China , 2011 .

[41]  Hilde A. M. Voorveld,et al.  The relation between actual and perceived interactivity: what makes the websites of top global brands truly interactive? , 2011 .

[42]  Erich J. Sommerfeldt Activist online resource mobilization: Relationship building features that fulfill resource dependen , 2011 .

[43]  S. Fournier,et al.  The Uninvited Brand , 2010 .

[44]  Erich J. Sommerfeldt Activist e-mail action alerts and identification: Rhetorical relationship building strategies in col , 2011 .