Multiwalled carbon nanotube based molecular imprinted polymer for trace determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid in natural water samples using a potentiometric method

Abstract A novel potentiometric sensor based on ion imprinted polymer inclusion membrane (IPIM) was prepared from the modification of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based molecularly imprinted polymer for the trace determination of the pesticide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in natural water samples. MWCNTs are initially functionalized with vinyl groups through nitric acid oxidation along with reacting by allylamine. MWCNT based imprinted polymer (MWCNT-MIP) was synthesized by means of methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the cross linker, α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and 2,4-D an organochlorine pesticide molecule as the template. Organized material was characterized by means of FTIR, XRD and SEM analyses. The sensing membrane was developed by the inclusion of 2,4-D imprinted polymer materials in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. The optimization of operational parameters normally used such as amount and nature of plasticizers sensing material, pH and response time was conducted. From the non-imprinted (NIPIM) and imprinted polymer inclusion membrane (IPIM) sensors the response behavior of 2,4-D was compared under optimum conditions. The IPIM sensor responds in the range of 1 × 10−9–1 × 10−5 M and the detection limit was found to be 1.2 × 10−9 M. The stability of MWCNT-IPIM sensor was checked by various methods and it is found to be 3 months and it can be reused many times without losing its sensitivity. For the application of sensor experiments with ground and tap water samples were performed.

[1]  S. Hassan,et al.  PVC membrane based potentiometric sensors for uranium determination. , 2001, Talanta.

[2]  M. Shamsipur,et al.  Ytterbium(III)-selective membrane electrode based on cefixime , 2003 .

[3]  H. Aghabozorg,et al.  Increasing the octane number of gasoline using functionalized carbon nanotubes , 2010 .

[4]  R. Kala,et al.  Ion Imprinted Polymer based Ion-selective Electrode for the Trace Determination of Dysprosium(III) Ions , 2006 .

[5]  D. Yan,et al.  Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by atom transfer radical polymerization and defunctionalization of the products , 2004 .

[6]  Barbara Wandelt,et al.  Fluorescent Functional Recognition Sites through Molecular Imprinting. A Polymer-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Aqueous cAMP. , 1998 .

[7]  Quan Qing,et al.  Effect of Chemical Oxidation on the Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes , 2003 .

[8]  Y. Chai,et al.  Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Ru(bpy)3(2+)/nano-Au nano-sphere as efficient matrixes for a novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor. , 2010, Talanta.

[9]  Richard P. Buck,et al.  Recommendations for nomenclature of ionselective electrodes (IUPAC Recommendations 1994) , 1994 .

[10]  K. Prasad,et al.  Molecularly imprinted polymer-based potentiometric sensor for degradation product of chemical warfare agents. Part I. Methylphosphonic acid. , 2007, Talanta.

[11]  K. Mosbach,et al.  The Use of Immobilized Templates-A New Approach in Molecular Imprinting. , 2000, Angewandte Chemie.

[12]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  A highly selective thallium(I) electrode based on a thia substituted macrocyclic ionophore. , 2005, Talanta.

[13]  K. Haupt,et al.  Molecularly imprinted polymers in analytical chemistry. , 2001, The Analyst.

[14]  Wanzhi. Wei,et al.  Determination of trace thiocyanate with nano-silver coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[15]  Xuguang Liu,et al.  Preparation and characterization of vinyl-functionalized carbon spheres by allylamine , 2011 .

[16]  A. Jenkins,et al.  Molecularly imprinted polymer sensors for pesticide and insecticide detection in water. , 2001, The Analyst.

[17]  S. Iijima.  Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon , 1991, Nature.

[18]  I. Willner,et al.  Selective sensing of triazine herbicides in imprinted membranes using ion-sensitive field-effect transistors and microgravimetric quartz crystal microbalance measurements. , 2002, The Analyst.

[19]  Mancang Liu,et al.  Highly sensitive analysis of substituted aniline compounds in water samples by using oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an in-tube solid-phase microextraction medium. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[20]  Yanxiu Zhou,et al.  Potentiometric sensing of chemical warfare agents: surface imprinted polymer integrated with an indium tin oxide electrode. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  G. Murray,et al.  Molecularly imprinted ionically permeable membrane for uranyl ion , 2001 .

[22]  M. Ganjali,et al.  Gliclazide as novel carrier in construction of PVC-based La(III)-selective membrane sensor. , 2003, Talanta.

[23]  M. E. Díaz-García,et al.  FLUORIMETRIC MONITORING OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMER RECOGNITION EVENTS FOR ALUMINIUM , 2002 .

[24]  K. Severin,et al.  Molecular imprinting with an organometallic transition state analogue , 1999 .

[25]  M. Shamsipur,et al.  Lanthanum(IlI) PVC membrane electrodes based on 1,3,5-trithiacyclohexane. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[26]  M. C. Hermosín,et al.  Adsorption of acidic pesticides 2,4-D, Clopyralid and Picloram on calcined hydrotalcite , 2005 .

[27]  K. Prasad,et al.  Molecularly imprinted polymer (biomimetic) based potentiometric sensor for atrazine , 2007 .

[28]  M. Prato,et al.  Chemistry of carbon nanotubes. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[29]  Pankaj Kumar,et al.  Determination of Uranyl Ions Using Poly(vinyl chloride) Based 4-tert-Butylcalix[6]arene Membrane Sensor , 1999 .

[30]  Renyun Zhang,et al.  One Step Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanocomposites for Enhancing Electrochemical Response , 2007 .

[31]  Hongkun He,et al.  Covalent layer-by-layer functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by click chemistry. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[32]  L. B. Perkins,et al.  Atrazine, alachlor, and carbofuran contamination of well water in central maine , 1992, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[33]  Sellergren.  Imprinted Polymers with Memory for Small Molecules, Proteins, or Crystals The author is grateful to Dr. Andrew Hall and Dr. Gunter Büchel for linguistic advice. , 2000, Angewandte Chemie.

[34]  R. Kala,et al.  Ion imprinted polymer based sensor for monitoring toxic uranium in environmental samples. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[35]  G. D’Agostino,et al.  Potentiometric sensor for atrazine based on a molecular imprinted membrane. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[36]  T. Rao,et al.  Tailored materials for preconcentration or separation of metals by ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction (IIP-SPE) , 2004 .