Management of crush-related injuries after disasters.

Acute renal failure after massive disasters such as earthquakes is one of the few life-threatening complications of crush injuries that can be reversed. This article considers lifesaving aspects of medical care that can be related to both global and local coordination of the treatment of such complications and that are based on the experiences of the authors during disasters such as the earthquakes in Marmara, Turkey, and Bam, Iran.

[1]  S. Tsuboi,et al.  The Great Hanshin earthquake , 1996, The Lancet.

[2]  E. Noji.  Acute renal failure in natural disasters. , 1992, Renal failure.

[3]  K. Polderman.  Acute Renal Failure and Rhabdomyolysis , 2004, The International journal of artificial organs.

[4]  J. H. Stein,et al.  Early management of shock and prophylaxis of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  Nobhojit Roy,et al.  The Gujarat Earthquake (2001) Experience in a Seismically Unprepared Area: Community Hospital Medical Response , 2002, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

[6]  Masato Kasuga,et al.  Medical staff suffered severe stress after earthquake in Kobe, Japan , 1996, BMJ.

[7]  A. Collins,et al.  Renal failure in disasters. , 1991, Critical care clinics.

[8]  O. Better.  The crush syndrome revisited (1940-1990). , 1990, Nephron.

[9]  L E Mahoney,et al.  Catastrophic disasters and the design of disaster medical care systems. , 1987, Annals of emergency medicine.

[10]  G. Koehler,et al.  Medical response to catastrophic events: California's planning and the Loma Prieta earthquake. , 1992, Annals of emergency medicine.

[11]  S. L. Jindal,et al.  Clinical Physiology of Acid—Base and Electrolyte Disorders. , 1978 .

[12]  S. Rosansky,et al.  Dialysis relief effort for Armenia. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  T. Shimazu,et al.  Fluid resuscitation and systemic complications in crush syndrome: 14 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake patients. , 1997, The Journal of trauma.

[14]  T. Shimazu,et al.  Analysis of 2,702 traumatized patients in the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. , 1997, The Journal of trauma.

[15]  M. Atef,et al.  Acute renal failure in earthquake victims in Iran: epidemiology and management. , 1994, The Quarterly journal of medicine.

[16]  Oktay Belhan,et al.  Early and vigorous fluid resuscitation prevents acute renal failure in the crush victims of catastrophic earthquakes. , 2004, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[17]  H. Naito.  The basic hospital and renal replacement therapy in the Great Hanshin Earthquake. , 1997, Renal Failure.

[18]  R. Mullins,et al.  Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure in trauma and surgical patients: a review. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[19]  C. Schultz,et al.  A medical disaster response to reduce immediate mortality after an earthquake. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[20]  A. Barka,et al.  Heightened odds of large earthquakes near istanbul: An interaction-based probability calculation , 2000, Science.

[21]  N. D. Reis,et al.  Crush injury to the lower limbs. Treatment of the local injury. , 1986, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[22]  A. Collins,et al.  Kidney dialysis treatment for victims of the Armenian earthquake. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[23]  R. Vanholder,et al.  The organization of the European Renal Disaster Relief Task Force. , 1997, Renal failure.

[24]  A. Hairapetian,et al.  Drug supply in the aftermath of the 1988 Armenian earthquake , 1990, The Lancet.

[25]  L B Bourque,et al.  Injuries as a result of California earthquakes in the past decade. , 1998, Disasters.

[26]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Renal replacement therapies in the aftermath of the catastrophic Marmara earthquake. , 2002, Kidney international.

[27]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Intervention of the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force in the 1999 Marmara, Turkey earthquake. , 2001, Kidney international.

[28]  J F Waeckerle,et al.  Disaster planning and response. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  Z. Sheng,et al.  Medical support in the Tangshan earthquake: a review of the management of mass casualties and certain major injuries. , 1987, The Journal of trauma.

[30]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Acute renal failure related to the crush syndrome: towards an era of seismo-nephrology? , 2000, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[31]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Serum potassium in the crush syndrome victims of the Marmara disaster. , 2003, Clinical nephrology.

[32]  P E Pepe,et al.  Field management and critical care in mass disasters. , 1991, Critical care clinics.

[33]  T. Ma,et al.  Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. , 1985, Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine.

[34]  A. Redmond,et al.  The south Manchester Accident Rescue Team and the earthquake in Iran, June 1990. , 1991, British medical journal.

[35]  A. Huber,et al.  Low-potassium and glucose-free dialysis maintains urea but enhances potassium removal. , 2001, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[36]  Sheng Zhi-Yong,et al.  Medical support in the Tangshan earthquake: a review of the management of mass casualties and certain major injuries. , 1987 .

[37]  Wim Van Biesen,et al.  Epidemiologic aspects of the Bam earthquake in Iran: the nephrologic perspective. , 2006, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[38]  R. Vanholder,et al.  The Marmara earthquake: admission laboratory features of patients with nephrological problems. , 2002, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[39]  I. Nadjafi,et al.  Suggested guidelines for treatment of acute renal failure in earthquake victims. , 1997, Renal failure.

[40]  G. Eknoyan,et al.  International dialysis aid in earthquakes and other disasters. , 1993, Kidney international.

[41]  T. Watanabe,et al.  Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in children , 2001, Pediatric Nephrology.

[42]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Clinical findings in the renal victims of a catastrophic disaster: the Marmara earthquake. , 2002, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[43]  O. Better.  Rescue and salvage of casualties suffering from the crush syndrome after mass disasters. , 1999, Military medicine.

[44]  R. Vanholder,et al.  The organization and interventions of the ISN Renal Disaster Relief Task Force. , 2003, Advances in renal replacement therapy.

[45]  J Seaman,et al.  Disaster epidemiology: or why most international disaster relief is ineffective. , 1990, Injury.

[46]  T. Shimazu,et al.  Analysis of 372 patients with Crush syndrome caused by the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. , 1997, The Journal of trauma.

[47]  J. Tattersall,et al.  Dialysis for acute renal failure due to crush injuries after the Armenian earthquake. , 1989, BMJ.

[48]  Marizen R. Ramirez,et al.  Seismic, structural, and individual factors associated with earthquake related injury , 2003, Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention.

[49]  Rohit Sharma.  Gujarat earthquake causes major mental health problems , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[50]  Koji Ichii,et al.  Natural Disasters , 2018, Trust.

[51]  J. Knochel,et al.  Mannitol therapy revisited (1940-1997). , 1997, Kidney international.

[52]  S. Hwang,et al.  Renal replacement therapy at the time of the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake. , 2001, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[53]  G. Eknoyan,et al.  Acute renal failure in the Armenian earthquake. , 1992, Renal failure.

[54]  D. Goldfarb,et al.  The absence of rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure following the World Trade Center collapse. , 2002, The American journal of medicine.

[55]  C. Schultz,et al.  Implications of hospital evacuation after the Northridge, California, earthquake. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[56]  P. Barry,et al.  Earthquake disaster in Nicaragua: reflections on the initial management of massive casualties. , 1974, The Journal of trauma.

[57]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Treatment Modalities and Outcome of the Renal Victims of the Marmara Earthquake , 2002, Nephron.

[58]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Features of chronic hemodialysis practice after the Marmara earthquake. , 2004, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[59]  T. Shimazu,et al.  Morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. , 1999, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[60]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Lessons learned from the catastrophic Marmara earthquake: factors influencing the final outcome of renal victims. , 2004, Clinical nephrology.

[61]  S. Bursztein,et al.  Prevention of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis. , 1984, Archives of internal medicine.

[62]  G. Woodrow,et al.  The clinical and biochemical features of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. , 1995, Renal failure.

[63]  D. Alexander.  Natural Disasters , 1993 .

[64]  L B Bourque,et al.  Fatal and hospitalized injuries resulting from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. , 1998, International journal of epidemiology.

[65]  E. Bywaters,et al.  Crush Injuries with Impairment of Renal Function , 1941, British medical journal.

[66]  R. Vanholder,et al.  The Marmara earthquake: epidemiological analysis of the victims with nephrological problems. , 2001, Kidney international.

[67]  T Ukai,et al.  The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the problems with emergency medical care. , 1997, Renal failure.

[68]  O. Better,et al.  Muscle crush compartment syndrome: fulminant local edema with threatening systemic effects. , 2003, Kidney international.

[69]  I. Phillips,et al.  STAPHYLOCOCCUS LUGDUNENSIS PERITONITIS , 1989, The Lancet.