Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro biological activities of Gardenia latifolia Ait leaf

Gardenia latifolia Ait. belonging to the family Rubiaceae is a flowering plant with high ethnomedicinal practices in Bangladesh. The current study evaluates analgesic, antipyretic, α-amylase enzyme inhibition, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant effect and antimicrobial potentials of G. latifolia. The analgesic and antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of G. latifolia (EGL) leaves were evaluated by hot plate reaction model and brewers’ yeast-induced hyperthermia model in mice, respectively. The -amylase inhibiting activity, membrane stabilizing activity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of EGL along with its hexane (HSGL) and chloroform (CSGL) soluble fractions were measured employing the starch-iodine method, hypotonic induced hemolysis assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination method, respectively. Here, EGL exhibited dose-dependent pain relieving activity in experimental mice. EGL also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice over the experimental period. During the α-amylase enzyme inhibition assay, the EGL at dose of 500 μg/mL showed maximum α-amylase inhibitory activity (65.95%). In membrane stabilizing assay, EGl, HSGL and CSGL were found to be effective for stabilizing erythrocyte membrane in hypotonic solution. During antioxidant assays, doseresponse curve of DPPH radical scavenging activity of the different soluble fractions of G. latifolia was obtained. Besides, these plant samples also displayed substantial antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms with MIC value ranged from 15.62 to 250 μg/mL. In summary, the plant G. latifolila possesses a significant biological activity which validates its use in Bangladesh folk medicinal practices.

[1]  Moniruzzaman,et al.  Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-diarrheal and Analgesic Activities of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel , 2019, Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal.

[2]  Amit Jain,et al.  Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of bark of Gardenia latifolia , 2019, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics.

[3]  M. Rashid,et al.  Preliminary Phytochemical Screenings and Pharmacological Activities of Three Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh , 2018 .

[4]  M. S. Rahman,et al.  In vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic and antioxidant potentials of Drynaria quercifolia L., a remedial plant of the Garo tribal people of Bangladesh , 2016, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

[5]  H. Khan,et al.  Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Viola betonicifolia whole plant , 2012, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

[6]  M. Rashid,et al.  Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Membrane Stabilizing and Antimicrobial Activities of Bark and Seed of Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr.: A Medicinal Plant from Chittagong Hill Tracts , 2011 .

[7]  C. Dilip,et al.  Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extacts of Gendarussa vulgaris Nees. , 2011, Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine.

[8]  D. Grierson,et al.  In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from the leaves of Felicia muricata Thunb. an underutilized medicinal plant in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa , 2010 .

[9]  K. Lakshmi,et al.  In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour) Moore ssp laurina , 2008 .

[10]  W. Reanmongkol,et al.  Antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga Linn. in experimental animals. , 2008, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[11]  K. Shetty,et al.  Phenolic antioxidants from clonal oregano (Origanum vulgare) with antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori , 2005 .

[12]  M. Kinoshita,et al.  Identification of Anti-α-Amylase Components from Olive Leaf Extracts , 2003 .

[13]  H. Moltz.  Fever: Causes and consequences , 1993, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[14]  S. Adams,et al.  Some aspects of the pharmacology of ibufenac, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agent , 1968, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[15]  N. B. Eddy,et al.  Synthetic analgesics. II. Dithienylbutenyl- and dithienylbutylamines. , 1953, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[16]  R. Sundar,et al.  Pharmacognostic , Phytochemical and Antioxidant Studies of Gardenia latifolia Aiton : An Ethnomedicinal Tree Plant , 2018 .

[17]  J. Verran,et al.  Using soxhlet ethanol extraction to produce and test plant material (essential oils) for their antimicrobial properties. , 2014, Journal of microbiology & biology education.

[18]  M. Islam.  Pharmacological and Phytochemical Screenings of Ethanol Extract of Sterculia Villosa Roxb. , 2013 .

[19]  M. Rashid,et al.  Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Corypha taliera Roxb , 2010 .

[20]  S. Verma,et al.  Current and future status of herbal medicines , 2008 .

[21]  M. Suttajit,et al.  Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai indigenous plants , 2007 .

[22]  C. Berset,et al.  Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity , 1995 .