11-12세기 粗質靑磁의 계통과 편년

Jojil Cheongja (low-grade celadons, 粗質靑磁) indicate the poor quality celadons which are originated in expansion of the demanding class and the process of division of product quality. They are begun in the end of the 10th to the early 11th centuries when earthen kilns are in the centre of ceramic industry. Low-grade celadons are not indicated specific celadons but amateurish products in quality. Low-grade celadons in Goryeo Dynasty era are divided into earthen ware related celadons and low-grade celadons in Gangjin and its near areas. There are several kilns that succeed to good quality of early celadons produced in Gangjin Yongun-ri and Samheung-ri, furthermore, we can find the practical examples excavated from Haenam Sindeok-ri and Goheung Undae-ri. The pottery type produced in this area is simple in general and the main small pottery types are the same as celadons. However, middle-sized storing and carriage vessels are produced as earthen ware forms. Some parts of production method are utilized a sagger burning but main method is used up-piling burning that operated ceramic pillow. We could judge the possibility of primary burning optionally. The dating of these kilns is inferred as the early 11th to late 11th centuries due to haemurigubwan (parhelic-circle-based dish) in associated artefacts. The Haenam Jinsan-ri group kilns and the Incheon Gyeongseo-dong kiln are the same level in moulding. Most of these kiln products show deeply low-grade patterns except the iron-painted celadon, moreover, they are also convinced same patterns that utilized up-piling method without primary burning or the sagger. The helpful information that we can guess their managemental date is the iron-painted celadon in Haenam Jinsan-ri. The iron-painted method is shown after parhelic-circle-based-dish. The material or expressing way of iron-painted design is found out the similarity as the Chinese iron-painted one developed in Cizhou-Yao (磁州窯) of Song Dynasty. Therefore, we can consider that Haenam Jinsan-ri or Incheon Gyeongseo-dong kilns had been managed with concentration between the later 11th century when Goryeo had normalisation of diplomatic relations with Song and regularized to import goods from Song and the earlier 12th century. Daejeon Guwan-dong, Buan Jinseo-ri NO.18, Eumseong Saeng-ri kilns of low-grade celadons divided into Gangjin system are most similar to Gangjin Yongun-ri NO.10-Level 2 where are produced good quality celadon in productive types and celadon decorative techniques. The Yongun-ri NO.10-Level 2 kiln is particularly confirmed that it was managed at the height of celadon's prosperity since inlaid, incise, toehwa (堆花) and apchulyanggak (壓出陽刻) techniques in Yaozhou-Yao (耀州窯) kiln system are validated there. It is convinced that a lot of kilns found in the mid-inland are influenced the Gangjin system for they show almost all of Gangjin kiln techniques saved inlaid technique and sagger burning method. Especially lots of celadons are associated with the 11th to 12th century mintage in tumulus and the products in each area help to infer productive dates. Until recent time, most low-grade celadons found in local areas are generally dated in the 11th century AD. However, these archaeological signs indicate that it is necessary to reconsider datings. To conclude, low-grade celadons are transformed much qualities in the process of productive division between in the end of 10th century and the early 11th century AD, in addition to this, they are expanded to local areas in 12th century AD of celadon's full glory and produced for various demanding classes.