Water Quality Management

This chapter begins by describing some general water quality management problems and the definition of pollution from environmental and economic perspectives. The chapter then focuses on four of the major water pollution problems facing rivers throughout the world: dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients, waterborne and water contact diseases, and sediment contamination. The DO relations are described through the simple Streeter-Phelps concept relating carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to DO and the extensions of this concept to nitrogeneous BOD, benthic processes, and photosynthesis and respiration. Dispersion effects on BOD and DO are discussed and then the total, simplified DO balance is presented. Dissolved oxygen standards and the linkage between these standards and habitat are presented. Finally, remedial methods to improve low DO concentrations are discussed.

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