Exoskeleton for Gait Training in Spinal Cord Injured People: Clinical Analysis and Ethical Dilemmas

According to recent epidemiological surveys 2.5 millions of people affected by a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are experiencing a variable degree of disability.

[1]  T. Beauchamp,et al.  Principles of biomedical ethics , 1991 .

[2]  H. Hermens,et al.  Paraplegic locomotion: a review , 1996, Spinal Cord.

[3]  L. Miller,et al.  Clinical effectiveness and safety of powered exoskeleton-assisted walking in patients with spinal cord injury: systematic review with meta-analysis , 2016, Medical devices.

[4]  R. J. Gregor,et al.  Effects of training on the recovery of full-weight-bearing stepping in the adult spinal cat , 1986, Experimental Neurology.

[5]  A. Jackson,et al.  A demographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years. , 2004, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[6]  M. Devivo,et al.  Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications , 2012, Spinal Cord.

[7]  A. Esquenazi,et al.  The ReWalk Powered Exoskeleton to Restore Ambulatory Function to Individuals with Thoracic-Level Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury , 2012, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[8]  T. Platz,et al.  Device-Training for Individuals with Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Cord Injury Using a Powered Exoskeleton for Technically Assisted Mobility: Achievements and User Satisfaction , 2016, BioMed research international.

[9]  Nene Av,et al.  Energy cost of paraplegic locomotion using the ParaWalker--electrical stimulation "hybrid" orthosis. , 1990 .

[10]  M Massucci,et al.  Walking with the Advanced Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (ARGO) in thoracic paraplegic patients: energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory performance , 1998, Spinal Cord.

[11]  M. Molinari,et al.  Traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord lesions: an Italian comparison of neurological and functional outcomes , 2011, Spinal Cord.

[12]  J. Ditunno,et al.  Who wants to walk? Preferences for recovery after SCI: a longitudinal and cross-sectional study , 2008, Spinal Cord.

[13]  Steven Knezevic,et al.  Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton , 2016, Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.

[14]  Dov Greenbaum,et al.  Ethical, legal and social concerns relating to exoskeletons , 2016, SIGCAS Comput. Soc..

[15]  Gong Chen,et al.  A review of lower extremity assistive robotic exoskeletons in rehabilitation therapy. , 2013, Critical reviews in biomedical engineering.

[16]  S Hesse,et al.  Use of the robot assisted gait therapy in rehabilitation of patients with stroke and spinal cord injury. , 2012, European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine.