The Pleasant Events Schedule-AD: psychometric properties and relationship to depression and cognition in Alzheimer's disease patients.

The Pleasant Events Schedule-AD (PES-AD) has been described as a useful tool for identifying pleasant activities for Alzheimer's disease patients. The current investigation provides psychometric data on the PES-AD, introduces a shortened, 20-item version, and examines the relationship between pleasant events, cognitive functioning, and depression. Both versions of PES-AD had good reliability and were significantly correlated with each other and with other relevant measures. As hypothesized, both depression and decreased cognitive functioning were associated with reduced frequency of enjoyable activity, and the reduction was significantly greater in AD patients who were depressed than in those who were not depressed, regardless of cognitive level.

[1]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Modification of the Pleasant and Unpleasant Events Schedules for use with the elderly. , 1982, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[2]  M. Hamilton,et al.  Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. , 1967, The British journal of social and clinical psychology.

[3]  M. Folstein,et al.  Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease , 1984, Neurology.

[4]  Ward Cd,et al.  Research diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. , 1990 .

[5]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Pleasant activities and depression. , 1973, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[6]  K S Dobson,et al.  The role of activity level and cognition in depressed mood in a university sample. , 1986, Journal of clinical psychology.

[7]  L. Teri,et al.  Assessment of depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease: concordance among informants. , 1991, Psychology and aging.

[8]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Studies on the Measurement of Unpleasant Events and Relations with Depression , 1979 .

[9]  M. Drake.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. rev.) , 1988 .

[10]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Nonspecific improvement effects in depression using interpersonal skills training, pleasant activity schedules, or cognitive training. , 1979, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

[11]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  The Pleasant Events Schedule: Studies on Reliability, Validity, and Scale Intercorrelation. , 1982 .

[12]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  Depression as a function of levels of desired and obtained pleasure. , 1974, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[13]  L. Teri,et al.  Identifying pleasant activities for Alzheimer's disease patients: the pleasant events schedule-AD. , 1991, The Gerontologist.

[14]  P. Lewinsohn,et al.  The relationship between age and engagement in pleasant activities. , 1974, Journal of gerontology.

[15]  E. Larson,et al.  An outpatient geriatric psychiatry assessment and treatment service. , 1987, Clinics in geriatric medicine.

[16]  L. Teri,et al.  Depression, Cognition, and Functional Ability in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease , 1994, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[17]  L. Teri,et al.  Functional Status and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Patients With and Without Depression , 1989, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[18]  L. Teri,et al.  Behavioral treatment of depression in dementia patients , 1997 .

[19]  L. Teri,et al.  Depression in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Caregivers as Surrogate Reporters , 1995, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[20]  M. Hamilton.  A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION , 1960, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[21]  P. Truax,et al.  Assessment of behavioral problems in dementia: the revised memory and behavior problems checklist. , 1992, Psychology and aging.

[22]  L. Teri.  Behavioral Treatment of Depression in Patients with Dementia , 1994, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[23]  S. Folstein,et al.  "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. , 1975, Journal of psychiatric research.

[24]  L. Teri,et al.  Reducing Excess Disability in Dementia Patients , 1991 .

[25]  B. Lebowitz,et al.  Stress effects on family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients : research and interventions , 1994 .

[26]  Nancy L. Mace,et al.  Principles of Activities for Persons with Dementia , 1987 .