Fine texture for front surface fine lines with screen printing

The fine lines are realized by decreasing the texture size. When the texture size is 10 μm, the line width becomes wider due to the bleeding of the silver paste during the screen printing process. As decreasing the texture size, the jaggy area decreases and the line width becomes narrower. When the texture size is 1μm, the line width becomes almost same as the mask one. The open circuit voltage increases as the texture size becomes smaller. The decrease in the metal area causes the decrease of the recombination at the interface between the metal and semiconductor.