3D laser measurements of bare and shod feet during walking.

This article presents a new system for 3D foot-shape measurements during walking. It is based on the laser-triangulation, multiple-line-illumination and color-modulation techniques. It consists of a walking stage and four measuring modules that simultaneously acquire the foot shape from the top, bottom and side views. The measuring speed is 30 fps. Custom-developed software makes it possible to analyze the foot's dimensions at an arbitrary cross-section by means of the width, height, girth and section orientation. Six subjects were measured during bare and shod walking, and the bare foot and the outside dimensions of the footwear during the entire stance phase are presented. The relative measurement repeatability of a single subject is 0.5% for bare foot and 1% for shod foot. This means that it is possible to study the differences between various influences on the foot-shape dynamics, such as a bare/shod foot, different loading conditions and the shoe's stiffness condition.

[1]  Ravindra S. Goonetilleke,et al.  An automatic method of measuring foot girths for custom footwear using local RBF implicit surfaces , 2010, Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf..

[2]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  3D measurement of feature cross-sections of foot while walking , 2011, Machine Vision and Applications.

[3]  Ashok Kumar Jain,et al.  Theory of Structures , 2005 .

[4]  G. Rao,et al.  The influence of footwear on foot motion during walking and running. , 2009, Journal of biomechanics.

[5]  A Wolfenden,et al.  The Futile Search for the Perfect Shoe Fit , 1988 .

[6]  Janez Možina,et al.  High-speed measurement of foot shape based on multiple-laser-plane triangulation , 2009 .

[7]  Makiko Kouchi,et al.  Deformation of foot cross-section shapes during walking. , 2009, Gait & Posture.

[8]  A. Leardini,et al.  Rear-foot, mid-foot and fore-foot motion during the stance phase of gait. , 2007, Gait & posture.

[9]  Vincent G. Duffy,et al.  Handbook of Digital Human Modeling: Research for Applied Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering , 2008 .

[10]  Ravindra S. Goonetilleke,et al.  Foot measurements from three-dimensional scans: A comparison and evaluation of different methods , 2006 .

[11]  James Woodburn,et al.  The use of 3D surface scanning for the measurement and assessment of the human foot , 2010, Journal of foot and ankle research.

[12]  Ameersing Luximon,et al.  3D foot shape generation from 2D information , 2005, Ergonomics.

[13]  Petra Aswendt,et al.  Dynamic Foot Scanning. Prospects and Limitations of Using Synchronized 3D Scanners to Capture Complete Human Foot Shape While Walking , 2010 .

[14]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes in C , 2002 .

[15]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Human Foot Reconstruction from Multiple Camera Images with Foot Shape Database , 2006, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst..

[16]  Clemens Plank,et al.  Dynamic foot scanning: A new approach for measurement of the human foot shape while walking , 2009 .

[17]  Ales Jurca,et al.  Dorothy mass foot measurement campaign , 2010 .