Appropriate Use of Carotid Endarterectomy

When stroke-threatening symptoms derive from the extracranial portion of a carotid artery, endarterectomy becomes a consideration. The available evidence indicates clear benefit for patients with a severe symptomatic stenosis. For asymptomatic carotid disease, the risk of a surgical complication may contraindicate the procedure.

[1]  A. Fox,et al.  Prognosis after transient monocular blindness associated with carotid-artery stenosis. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  Richard J. Snow,et al.  Indications, Outcomes, and Provider Volumes for Carotid Endarterectomy , 1999 .

[3]  A J Molyneux,et al.  Complications of cerebral angiography for patients with mild carotid territory ischaemia being considered for carotid endarterectomy. , 1990, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[4]  J. Garcìa,et al.  The significance of cerebral white matter abnormalities 100 years after Binswanger's report. A review. , 1995, Stroke.

[5]  A. Fox,et al.  How to measure carotid stenosis. , 1993, Radiology.

[6]  J. Slattery,et al.  Equivalence of Measurements of Carotid Stenosis: A Comparison of Three Methods on 1001 Angiograms , 1994, Stroke.

[7]  N L Greengold,et al.  Prevention of a first stroke: a review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association. , 1999, JAMA.

[8]  W. M. Krushat,et al.  Epidemiology of carotid endarterectomy among Medicare beneficiaries: 1985-1996 update. , 1998, Stroke.

[9]  J. Driessen.  Risk of stroke in the distribution of an asymptomatic carotid artery , 1995, The Lancet.

[10]  Results of a randomized controlled trial of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Mayo Asymptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Study Group. , 1992, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[11]  M. Eliasziw,et al.  Prevention of ischaemic stroke , 1999, BMJ.

[12]  M. Eliasziw,et al.  The causes and risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic internal-carotid-artery stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  W. S. Fields,et al.  Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. V. Progress report of prognosis following surgery or nonsurgical treatment for transient cerebral ischemic attacks and cervical carotid artery lesions. , 1970 .

[14]  P. Sandercock,et al.  Prevention of ischaemic stroke , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[15]  E. Mascha,et al.  Early outcome assessment for 2228 consecutive carotid endarterectomy procedures: the Cleveland Clinic experience from 1989 to 1995. , 1997, Journal of vascular surgery.

[16]  岩本俊彦.  Leuko-araiosis と血管性痴呆 , 1996 .

[17]  A. Gholkar,et al.  Incidental intracranial vascular pathology in patients investigated for carotid stenosis , 2004, Neuroradiology.

[18]  N. Hertzer.  A personal view: the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study results--read the label carefully. , 1996, Journal of Vascular Surgery.

[19]  J. Grotta,et al.  The risks and benefits of carotid endarterectomy in patients with near occlusion of the carotid artery , 1997, Neurology.

[20]  J. Slattery,et al.  Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) , 1998, The Lancet.

[21]  T. Sundt,et al.  Carotid endarterectomy. Complications and preoperative assessment of risk. , 1975, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[22]  M. Limburg,et al.  The clinical meaning of Rankin 'handicap' grades after stroke. , 1995, Stroke.

[23]  D. Sackett,et al.  Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  N. Hertzer,et al.  Postoperative stroke and late neurologic complications after carotid endarterectomy. , 1981, Archives of surgery.

[25]  J. Garcìa,et al.  Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: a review. , 1997, Stroke.

[26]  A. Fox,et al.  Risk factors and outcome of patients with carotid artery stenosis presenting with lacunar stroke , 2000, Neurology.

[27]  P. Marx,et al.  Prospective Study on the Complication Rate of Carotid Surgery , 1999, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

[28]  W. Flanders,et al.  Carotid endarterectomy among Medicare beneficiaries: a statewide evaluation of appropriateness and outcome. , 1998, Stroke.

[29]  Ralph G. Dacey,et al.  Carotid Endarterectomy and Prevention of Cerebral Ischemia in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis , 1991 .

[30]  S. Friedman,et al.  Surgical therapy for the patient with internal carotid artery occlusion and contralateral stenosis. , 1987, Journal of Vascular Surgery.

[31]  D. Sumner,et al.  The influence of carotid siphon stenosis on short- and long-term outcome after carotid endarterectomy. , 1993, Journal of Vascular Surgery.

[32]  R. B. Smith,et al.  Does contralateral carotid occlusion influence neurologic fate of carotid endarterectomy? , 1984, Surgery.

[33]  C. Warlow.  Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis , 1998, BMJ.

[34]  L. Goldstein,et al.  Clinical carotid endarterectomy decision making , 2001, Neurology.

[35]  C. Andersen,et al.  Unilateral Internal Carotid Arterial Occlusion: Special Considerations , 1977, Stroke.

[36]  A. Fox,et al.  Accuracy and prognostic consequences of ultrasonography in identifying severe carotid artery stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group. , 1995, Stroke.

[37]  H. Barnett,et al.  Carotid endarterectomy: a neurotherapeutic advance. , 2000, Archives of neurology.

[38]  E L Hannan,et al.  The fall and rise of carotid endarterectomy in the United States and Canada. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[39]  M. Eliasziw,et al.  Causes and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. , 2000, JAMA.

[40]  Gary G. Ferguson,et al.  Medical Complications Associated With Carotid Endarterectomy , 1999 .

[41]  M. Suarez-Almazor,et al.  Regional performance of carotid endarterectomy. Appropriateness, outcomes, and risk factors for complications. , 1997, Stroke.

[42]  R. F. Smith,et al.  Further Comments on the Measurement of Carotid Stenosis From Angiograms , 1994, Stroke.

[43]  M. Eliasziw,et al.  Carotid endarterectomy in elderly patients , 2001, The Lancet.

[44]  D. Sackett,et al.  Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[45]  P. Austin,et al.  Determinants of outcome after carotid endarterectomy. , 1998, Journal of vascular surgery.

[46]  D. Bratzler,et al.  Carotid endarterectomy in Oklahoma Medicare beneficiaries: patient characteristics and outcomes. , 1996, The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association.

[47]  Vladimir Hachinski,et al.  Lack of Relationship Between Leukoaraiosis and Carotid Artery Disease , 1995 .

[48]  A. Fox,et al.  Importance of intracranial atherosclerotic disease in patients with symptomatic stenosis of the internal carotid artery. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trail. , 1999, Stroke.

[49]  A. Ringer,et al.  Role of Conventional Angiography in Evaluation of Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis Demonstrated by Doppler Ultrasound in General Practice , 2001, Stroke.

[50]  G. Samsa,et al.  Multicenter review of preoperative risk factors for endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. , 1998, Stroke.

[51]  M. Eliasziw,et al.  Do the facts and figures warrant a 10-fold increase in the performance of carotid endarterectomy on asymptomatic patients? , 1996, Neurology.

[52]  W S Moore,et al.  Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[53]  M. Eliasziw,et al.  Carotid Endarterectomy Does Not Affect Long-Term Blood Pressure: Observations from the NASCET , 1998, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

[54]  R. Lord,et al.  Carotid endarterectomy, siphon stenosis, collateral hemispheric pressure, and perioperative cerebral infarction. , 1987, Journal of vascular surgery.

[55]  Peter M. Rothwell,et al.  RISK OF STROKE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF AN ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID-ARTERY , 1995 .

[56]  P. Rothwell,et al.  Noninvasive carotid imaging to select patients for endarterectomy , 2001, Neurology.

[57]  V. Hachinski,et al.  The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial : surgical results in 1415 patients. , 1999, Stroke.

[58]  R Brian Haynes,et al.  Low-dose and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomised controlled trial , 1999, The Lancet.

[59]  V. Hachinski,et al.  Prognostic Importance of Leukoaraiosis in Patients With Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis , 2002, Stroke.