Braking and Overturning Stability of All Terrain Vehicles with Trailed and Mounted Loads, and Review of Guidelines
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All Terrain Vehicles (ATV) are increasingly used for a very wide range of tasks and there is concern about their safety. There have been many fatal accidents in the United States where the machines are used primarily for leisure activities. Temporary United Kingdom guidelines, issued in 1990 are included in an appendix. These have been written with particular emphasis on weights and loading limits. The report describes research on ATVs with trailed and mounted loads making recommendations to the guidelines where necessary. A total of eight vehicles, two from each of four manufacturers were investigated: one large four-wheel drive and one smaller two-wheel drive from each. Experimental work consisted of braking tests, stability tests on the tilt table and hill trails. The effects of ground condition, surface characteristics, ATV size, trailer load and nose load were considered in addition to the use of trailer brakes. Stability was measured under six loading conditions where the effect of the driver's weight and rack loads were found to be large. Trials on hill land, under the same loading conditions and with a loaded trailer, were used to evaluate their slope limits. Factors affecting braking efficiency and 'jack-knifing' are investigated.