Intrathecal analgesia: time to consider it for your patient?

When systemic analgesics or antispasmodics fail to control chronic pain or cause intolerable adverse effects, an intrathecal drug delivery system may be the best bet.

[1]  C. Tilburg.  Intrathecal Analgesic Drug Delivery is Effective for Analgesia in a Patient with Post-Poliomyelitis Syndrome: A Case Report. , 2016 .

[2]  G. Yu,et al.  [Reappraisals of mental disabilities due to traffic accidents: a retrospective analysis of 51 cases]. , 2013, Fa yi xue za zhi.

[3]  M. Brennan.  The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. , 2013, The American journal of medicine.

[4]  S. Hayek,et al.  Intrathecal Therapy for Chronic Pain: Current Trends and Future Needs , 2013, Current Pain and Headache Reports.

[5]  S. Hayek.  Intrathecal "microdosing": reality or artifact? , 2012, Pain medicine.

[6]  M. Saulino,et al.  Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2012: Recommendations for the Management of Pain by Intrathecal (Intraspinal) Drug Delivery: Report of an Interdisciplinary Expert Panel , 2012, Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

[7]  Matthew T. Ranson.  Complications of Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems , 2012 .

[8]  N. Mekhail,et al.  SPINE SECTION Original Research Article Combination of Intrathecal Opioids with Bupivacaine Attenuates Opioid Dose Escalation in Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients , 2016 .

[9]  J. Grider,et al.  Patient selection and outcomes using a low-dose intrathecal opioid trialing method for chronic nonmalignant pain. , 2011, Pain physician.

[10]  C. Maier,et al.  Increased risk of suicide under intrathecal ziconotide treatment? – A warning , 2011, PAIN®.

[11]  R. Coffey,et al.  Mortality Associated with Implantation and Management of Intrathecal Opioid Drug Infusion Systems to Treat Noncancer Pain , 2009, Anesthesiology.

[12]  M. Wallace,et al.  Intrathecal Ziconotide for Severe Chronic Pain: Safety and Tolerability Results of an Open-Label, Long-Term Trial , 2008, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[13]  J. Turner,et al.  Programmable Intrathecal Opioid Delivery Systems for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness and Complications , 2007, The Clinical journal of pain.

[14]  L. Webster,et al.  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain. , 2006, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[15]  J. Bailes,et al.  A review of intrathecal morphine therapy related granulomas , 2006, European journal of pain.

[16]  L. Webster,et al.  Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool. , 2005, Pain medicine.

[17]  Linqiu Zhou,et al.  Pharmacologic Management of Cancer Pain , 2005, The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

[18]  Yuchiao Chang,et al.  Patient Selection and Trial Methods for Intraspinal Drug Delivery for Chronic Pain: A National Survey , 2005, Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

[19]  S. Hassenbusch,et al.  Epidural and intrathecal analgesia is effective in treating refractory cancer pain. , 2004, Pain medicine.

[20]  E. Kravitz,et al.  Intrathecal opioid treatment for chronic non-malignant pain: a 3-year prospective study , 2004, Pain.

[21]  M. Byas-Smith,et al.  Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial. , 2004, JAMA.

[22]  R. Rauck,et al.  Long-term intrathecal opioid therapy with a patient-activated, implanted delivery system for the treatment of refractory cancer pain. , 2003, Journal of Pain.

[23]  H. Gerber.  Intrathecal morphine for chronic benign pain. , 2003, Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology.

[24]  R. Rosenquist,et al.  Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations. , 2003, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[25]  T. Deer,et al.  Prevention of Intrathecal Drug Delivery Catheter‐Related Complications , 2003, Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

[26]  J. Wight,et al.  Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. , 2003, Health technology assessment.

[27]  Thomas J. Smith,et al.  Randomized clinical trial of an implantable drug delivery system compared with comprehensive medical management for refractory cancer pain: impact on pain, drug-related toxicity, and survival. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[28]  Y. E. Mironer,et al.  Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Opioid/Bupivacaine Mixture in Chronic Nonmalignant Pain: A Double Blind, Randomized, Crossover, Multicenter Study by the National Forum of Independent Pain Clinicians (NFIPC) , 2002, Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

[29]  D. Caraway,et al.  Clinical experience with intrathecal bupivacaine in combination with opioid for the treatment of chronic pain related to failed back surgery syndrome and metastatic cancer pain of the spine. , 2002, The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.

[30]  N. Rainov,et al.  Long-term intrathecal infusion of drug combinations for chronic back and leg pain. , 2001, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[31]  S. Kamran,et al.  Complications of Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems , 2001, Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

[32]  S. Collins,et al.  Prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough pain in patients with non-malignant terminal disease admitted to a hospice , 2001, Palliative Medicine.

[33]  B. V. van Hilten,et al.  Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[34]  J. van Buyten,et al.  Endocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[35]  R. Adone,et al.  Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[36]  K. Follett,et al.  A prospective study of catheter-related complications of intrathecal drug delivery systems. , 2000, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[37]  J. van Egmond,et al.  Intrathecal coadministration of bupivacaine diminishes morphine dose progression during long-term intrathecal infusion in cancer patients. , 1999, The Clinical journal of pain.

[38]  J. Klapow,et al.  Disease-specific and generic health outcomes: a model for the evaluation of long-term intrathecal opioid therapy in noncancer low back pain patients. , 1999, The Clinical journal of pain.

[39]  S. Hassenbusch.  Cost modeling for alternate routes of administration of opioids for cancer pain. , 1999, Oncology.

[40]  G. Hanks,et al.  Opioid responsiveness , 1997, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.

[41]  E. Krames.  Intraspinal opioid therapy for chronic nonmalignant pain: current practice and clinical guidelines. , 1996, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[42]  R. Penn,et al.  Intraspinal morphine for chronic pain: a retrospective, multicenter study. , 1996, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[43]  I. Curelaru,et al.  Long‐term Intrathecal Morphine and Bupivacaine in Patients with Refractory Cancer Pain Results from a Morphine, Bupivacaine Dose Regimen of 0.5:4.75 mg/ml , 1994, Anesthesiology.

[44]  R. Penn,et al.  Altered sexual function and decreased testosterone in patients receiving intraspinal opioids. , 1994, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[45]  R. Lanning,et al.  Intrathecal infusional analgesia for nonmalignant pain: analgesic efficacy of intrathecal opioid with or without bupivacaine. , 1993, Journal of pain and symptom management.

[46]  B. Crul,et al.  Long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and morphine/bupivacaine mixtures in the treatment of cancer pain: A retrospective analysis of 51 cases , 1993, Pain.

[47]  S. D'Luzansky,et al.  Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions. A pilot study. , 1992, The Clinical journal of pain.

[48]  S. Einarsson,et al.  Long‐term intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in “refractory” cancer pain. I. Results from the first series of 52 patients , 1991, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.

[49]  R. Portenoy,et al.  Breakthrough pain: definition, prevalence and characteristics , 1990, Pain.

[50]  L. Mather,et al.  Intrathecal and epidural administration of opioids. , 1984, Anesthesiology.