Red-cyan anaglyph image watermarking using DWT, Hadamard transform and singular value decomposition for copyright protection

Abstract This paper proposes a unique Red-Cyan Anaglyph image watermarking using DWT, Fast Walsh Hadamard transform and SVD. Watermarking of this particular image is not done extensively so far. Thus, this study focuses on the watermarking of red-cyan anaglyph image for copyright protection. With the help of DWT, Hadamard transform and SVD, the system tries to extract a robust feature to embed the watermark. The watermarking is carried out as. The cover image is transformed using Discrete Wavelet Transform and the watermark image of size 32 × 32 is scrambled using Arnold transform and it is hidden into the hadamard transformed blocks of the Anaglyph image exploiting singular values obtained by applying Singular Value Decomposition. The performance of this proposed system is checked for its robust nature and its imperceptibility on Middlebury Stereo database against usual image processing attacks such as Gaussian noise, filtering, etc. From the simulation results, it is clearly known that it has achieved better outcomes in terms of robustness and imperceptibility than the former existing papers.

[1]  Gaurav Bhatnagar,et al.  A robust security framework for 3D images , 2011, J. Vis..

[2]  Yan-Hong Zhang.  Robust 3D Watermarking Technique for Authentication of 3D Polygonal Medel , 2010, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids.

[3]  Mei Yu,et al.  A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Region of Interest for 3D Image , 2012, 2012 Eighth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security.

[4]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[5]  Mary Agoyi,et al.  Colour Image Blind Watermarking Scheme Based on Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform and Hessenberg Decomposition , 2018, Studies in Informatics and Control.

[6]  Rémy Prost,et al.  An Oblivious Watermarking for 3-D Polygonal Meshes Using Distribution of Vertex Norms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[7]  Hugues Hoppe,et al.  Optimization of mesh locality for transparent vertex caching , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[8]  Naser Tarhuni,et al.  Computationally Efficient Robust Color Image Watermarking Using Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform , 2017, J. Imaging.

[9]  Christopher Joseph Pal,et al.  Learning Conditional Random Fields for Stereo , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  Jing-Ming Guo,et al.  Security analyses of the watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition , 2014 .

[11]  Ha-Joon Chang,et al.  Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development: Historical lessons and emerging issues , 2001 .

[12]  S. Q. Xie,et al.  A new digital watermarking scheme for 3D triangular mesh models , 2009, Signal Process..

[13]  Xiaoqing Feng,et al.  A Robust, Blind and Imperceptible Watermarking of 3D Mesh Models Base on Redundancy Information , 2012 .

[14]  B. Prabhakaran,et al.  Blind invisible watermarking for 3D meshes with textures , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[15]  Benoit M. Macq,et al.  Constrained optimisation of 3D polygonal mesh watermarking by quadratic programming , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[16]  Liu Chun-Lin,et al.  A Tutorial of the Wavelet Transform , 2010 .

[17]  Horace Ho-Shing Ip,et al.  A robust watermarking scheme for 3D triangular mesh models , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[18]  Atilla Baskurt,et al.  A Comprehensive Survey on Three-Dimensional Mesh Watermarking , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[19]  Azeddine Beghdadi,et al.  A visual sensitivity model based stereo image watermarking scheme , 2011, 3rd European Workshop on Visual Information Processing.

[20]  R. Anitha,et al.  Robust and blind watermarking scheme for three dimensional anaglyph images , 2014, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[21]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  A watermarking for 3D mesh using the patch CEGIs , 2007, Digit. Signal Process..

[22]  Boon-Lock Yeo,et al.  Watermarking 3D Objects for Verification , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[23]  Wai-kuen Cham,et al.  Fast Algorithm for Walsh Hadamard Transform on Sliding Windows , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[24]  Pierre Alliez,et al.  Triangle Surface Mesh Watermarking Based on a Constrained Optimization Framework , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[25]  Michael G. Wagner,et al.  Robust watermarking of polygonal meshes , 2000, Proceedings Geometric Modeling and Processing 2000. Theory and Applications.

[26]  Lingling Wu,et al.  Arnold Transformation Algorithm and Anti-Arnold Transformation Algorithm , 2009, 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering.

[27]  Taha H. Rassem,et al.  Security analyses of false positive problem for the SVD-based hybrid digital image watermarking techniques in the wavelet transform domain , 2018, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[28]  N. Yadav.  DWT–SVD–WHT Watermarking Using Varying Strength Factor Derived From Means of the WHT Coefficients , 2018 .

[29]  Stephen D. Wolthusen,et al.  Techniques and Applications of Digital Watermarking and Content Protection , 2003, Artech House computer security series.

[30]  Eun-Soo Kim,et al.  Stereo image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform and adaptive disparity estimation , 2004, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[31]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership , 2002, IEEE Trans. Multim..

[32]  David Zhang,et al.  Robust mesh watermarking based on multiresolution processing , 2001, Comput. Graph..

[33]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  Blind robust watermarking schemes for copyright protection of 3D mesh objects , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[34]  Shivanand Pujar,et al.  Digital Image Watermarking Using DWT and FWHT , 2018, International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing.

[35]  W. J. Dowling,et al.  Watermarking digital images for copyright protection , 1996 .

[36]  Ahmet M. Eskicioglu,et al.  Robust DWT-SVD domain image watermarking: embedding data in all frequencies , 2004, MM&Sec '04.

[37]  Rémy Prost,et al.  Watermarking of 3D Irregular Meshes Based on Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis , 2005, IWDW.