EA-CRP: A Novel Energy-aware Clustering and Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract This paper proposes a novel energy-aware and layering-based clustering and routing protocol (EA-CRP) for gathering data in WSNs. The main goal of EA-CRP is to reduce the energy consumption among all sensor nodes in the network. To achieve this goal, EA-CRP employs an innovative multilayered architecture. More specifically, we divide the field into a number of layers where the width of a layer not only decreases towards the base station, but also is composed of a certain number of clusters (sub layers). The proposed design not only shortens the communication distance between nodes, but also decreases the amount of communication overhead required for setting up clusters. Furthermore, a multi-hop routing algorithm for inter-cluster communications is proposed which basically considers the tradeoff between distance and the energy of relaying nodes. The effectiveness of EA-CRP is verified through comparing its results with those obtained from previous relevant protocols. Interestingly, our experimental results show that EA-CRP has superior performance in term of network lifetime, energy efficiency, and scalability.

[1]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Markov-Based Distributed Approach for Mitigating Self-Coexistence Problem in IEEE 802.22 WRANs , 2014, Comput. J..

[2]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Energy efficient clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET).

[3]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Efficient PFD-Based Networking and Buffering Models for Improving Video Quality over Congested Links , 2014, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[4]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  A novel clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET).

[5]  Gheith A. Abandah,et al.  An improved queuing model for packet retransmission policy and variable latency decoders , 2012, IET Commun..

[6]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  C-DTB-CHR: centralized density- and threshold-based cluster head replacement protocols for wireless sensor networks , 2017, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[7]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Dynamic resource allocation using load estimation in distributed cognitive radio systems , 2015 .

[8]  Weifeng Chen,et al.  COCA: Constructing optimal clustering architecture to maximize sensor network lifetime , 2013, Comput. Commun..

[9]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Incorporating automatic repeat request and thresholds with variable complexity decoding algorithms over wireless networks: queuing analysis , 2011, IET Commun..

[10]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Merging dynamic address autoconfiguration and security key protocols in mobile ad hoc networks , 2013, 2013 36th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO).

[11]  Khalid A. Darabkh.  Fast and upper bounded Fano decoding algorithm: queuing analysis , 2017, Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol..

[12]  Melody Moh,et al.  Design and analysis of Hybrid Indirect Transmissions (HIT) for data gathering in wireless micro sensor networks , 2004, MOCO.

[13]  Jie Wu,et al.  An unequal cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks , 2009, Wirel. Networks.

[14]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Performance evaluation of multiuser diversity in multiuser two‐hop cooperative multi‐relay wireless networks using maximal ratio combining over Rayleigh fading channels , 2015, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[15]  Chih-Yung Chang,et al.  Energy-aware node placement, topology control and MAC scheduling for wireless sensor networks , 2008, Comput. Networks.

[16]  Tao Liu,et al.  An energy-balancing clustering approach for gradient-based routing in wireless sensor networks , 2012, Comput. Commun..

[17]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks via unequal clustering , 2005, 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.

[18]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  A generic buffer occupancy expression for stop-and-wait hybrid automatic repeat request protocol over unstable channels , 2016, Telecommun. Syst..

[19]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Improved clustering algorithms for target tracking in wireless sensor networks , 2017, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[20]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  New video discarding policies for improving UDP performance over wired/wireless networks , 2015, Int. J. Netw. Manag..

[21]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems , 2002, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[22]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Packet Recycling and Delayed ACK for Improving the Performance of TCP over MANETs , 2014, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[23]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Optimizing the Beacon and SuperFrame orders in IEEE 802.15.4 for real-time notification in wireless sensor networks , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET).

[24]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Improving UDP performance using intermediate QoD-aware hop system for wired/wireless multimedia communication systems , 2011, Int. J. Netw. Manag..

[25]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Dynamic Distribution of Security Keys and IP Addresses Coalition Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2016 .

[26]  Khalid A. Darabkh.  Evaluation of channel adaptive access point systemwith Fano decoding , 2011, Int. J. Comput. Math..

[27]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  LEACH enhancements for wireless sensor networks based on energy model , 2014, 2014 IEEE 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD14).

[28]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Static Clustering for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015 .

[29]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  A Self-Learning MAC Protocol for Energy Harvesting and Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks , 2016, J. Sensors.

[30]  Khalid A. Darabkh,et al.  Novel Protocols for Improving the Performance of ODMRP and EODMRP over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.