Design and construction principles in nature and architecture.

This paper will focus on how the emerging scientific discipline of biomimetics can bring new insights into the field of architecture. An analysis of both architectural and biological methodologies will show important aspects connecting these two. The foundation of this paper is a case study of convertible structures based on elastic plant movements.

[1]  S. Gould,et al.  The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[2]  Howard P. Segal Buckminster Fuller: Starting with the Universe , 2009 .

[3]  Jan Knippers,et al.  Abstraction of bio-inspired curved-line folding patterns for elastic foils and membranes in architecture , 2010 .

[4]  Thomas Speck,et al.  The role of plant stems in providing biomimetic solutions for innovative textiles in composites , 2008 .

[5]  Peter Fratzl,et al.  Plants control the properties and actuation of their organs through the orientation of cellulose fibrils in their cell walls. , 2009, Integrative and comparative biology.

[6]  Thomas Speck,et al.  The attachment strategy of English ivy: a complex mechanism acting on several hierarchical levels , 2010, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[7]  Thomas Speck,et al.  Pummelos as Concept Generators for Biomimetically Inspired Low Weight Structures with Excellent Damping Properties , 2010 .

[8]  R. Elbaum,et al.  The Role of Wheat Awns in the Seed Dispersal Unit , 2007, Science.

[9]  Thomas Speck,et al.  Biomimetic Fiber-Reinforced Compound Materials , 2011 .

[10]  Thomas Speck,et al.  Biomimetics and technical textiles: solving engineering problems with the help of nature's wisdom. , 2006, American journal of botany.

[11]  T. Speck,et al.  Adaptive Façade Shading Systems inspired by Natural Elastic Kinematics , 2011 .

[12]  Thomas Speck,et al.  Ultra-fast underwater suction traps , 2011, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[13]  Jan Knippers,et al.  Bending-active Structures – Research Pavilion ICD/ITKE , 2011 .

[14]  J. Pohl,et al.  The role of textiles in providing biomimetic solutions for construction , 2010 .

[15]  Richard Weinkamer,et al.  Nature’s hierarchical materials , 2007 .

[16]  Thomas Speck,et al.  Plant Stems: Functional Design and Mechanics , 2011 .

[17]  Jan Knippers,et al.  Folding Mechanism of the Kiel Hörn Footbridge, Germany , 2000 .

[18]  Jan Knippers,et al.  The Frankfurt Zeil Grid Shell , 2010 .

[19]  Peter Fratzl,et al.  Tensile and compressive stresses in tracheids are induced by swelling based on geometrical constraints of the wood cell , 2007, Planta.

[20]  T. Speck,et al.  Mechanics without muscle: biomechanical inspiration from the plant world. , 2010, Integrative and comparative biology.

[21]  I. Burgert,et al.  Actuation systems in plants as prototypes for bioinspired devices , 2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[22]  Sandra Häuplik,et al.  Deployable structures for a human lunar base , 2006 .

[23]  Derek Clements-Croome,et al.  Sustainable building solutions: a review of lessons from the natural world , 2005 .

[24]  S. Gorb,et al.  Structures in the cell wall that enable hygroscopic movement of wheat awns. , 2008, Journal of structural biology.

[25]  Jan Knippers,et al.  Biomimetic Deployable Systems in Architecture , 2010 .

[26]  C. Dawson,et al.  How pine cones open , 1997, Nature.

[27]  Thomas Speck ARCHITEKTUR UND BIONIK , 2002 .

[28]  George Jeronimidis,et al.  Chapter 1 - Structure-Property Relationships in Biological Materials , 2000 .

[29]  Julian F. V. Vincent,et al.  The geometry of unfolding tree leaves , 1998, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[30]  J Lienhard,et al.  Flectofin: a hingeless flapping mechanism inspired by nature , 2011, Bioinspiration & biomimetics.

[31]  Antoine Picon,et al.  Buckminster Fuller: Starting with the Universe , 2008 .

[32]  Jan Knippers,et al.  Plant movements as concept generators for deployable systems in architecture , 2010 .

[33]  Jan Knippers,et al.  Elastic architecture: nature inspired pliable structures , 2010 .

[34]  Thomas Speck,et al.  Hydraulics and mechanics of plants: Novelty, innovation and evolution , 2004 .

[35]  Peter Fratzl,et al.  Biomimetic materials research: what can we really learn from nature's structural materials? , 2007, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[36]  E. Schrödinger What Is Life , 1946 .

[37]  George Jeronimidis,et al.  Chapter 2 - Design and Function of Structural Biological Materials , 2000 .

[38]  Peter Fratzl,et al.  Cellulose fibrils direct plant organ movements. , 2008, Faraday discussions.