Time for change: a roadmap to guide the implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code 2015

A medical and scientific multidisciplinary consensus meeting was held from 29 to 30 November 2013 on Anti-Doping in Sport at the Home of FIFA in Zurich, Switzerland, to create a roadmap for the implementation of the 2015 World Anti-Doping Code. The consensus statement and accompanying papers set out the priorities for the antidoping community in research, science and medicine. The participants achieved consensus on a strategy for the implementation of the 2015 World Anti-Doping Code. Key components of this strategy include: (1) sport-specific risk assessment, (2) prevalence measurement, (3) sport-specific test distribution plans, (4) storage and reanalysis, (5) analytical challenges, (6) forensic intelligence, (7) psychological approach to optimise the most deterrent effect, (8) the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) and confounding factors, (9) data management system (Anti-Doping Administration & Management System (ADAMS), (10) education, (11) research needs and necessary advances, (12) inadvertent doping and (13) management and ethics: biological data. True implementation of the 2015 World Anti-Doping Code will depend largely on the ability to align thinking around these core concepts and strategies. FIFA, jointly with all other engaged International Federations of sports (Ifs), the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), are ideally placed to lead transformational change with the unwavering support of the wider antidoping community. The outcome of the consensus meeting was the creation of the ad hoc Working Group charged with the responsibility of moving this agenda forward.

[1]  J. Dvořák,et al.  How the Iranian Football Coaches and Players Know About Doping? , 2015, Asian journal of sports medicine.

[2]  A. Junge,et al.  Twenty years of the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre: from ‘Medicine for Football’ to ‘Football for Health’ , 2015, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[3]  N. Robinson,et al.  Antidoping programme and biological monitoring before and during the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil , 2015, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[4]  M. Saugy,et al.  Challenges and threats to implementing the fight against doping in sport , 2014, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[5]  Y. Pitsiladis,et al.  An integrative ‘Omics’ solution to the detection of recombinant human erythropoietin and blood doping , 2014, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[6]  Pierre Esseiva,et al.  Combining Internet monitoring processes, packaging and isotopic analyses to determine the market structure: example of Gamma Butyrolactone. , 2013, Forensic science international.

[7]  Martial Saugy,et al.  Perspectives for Forensic Intelligence in anti-doping: thinking outside of the box. , 2013, Forensic science international.

[8]  N. Baume,et al.  Quantification of clenbuterol at trace level in human urine by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[9]  J. Dvořák,et al.  Adverse analytical findings with clenbuterol among U-17 soccer players attributed to food contamination issues. , 2013, Drug testing and analysis.

[10]  Claude Roux,et al.  The use of forensic case data in intelligence-led policing: the example of drug profiling. , 2013, Forensic science international.

[11]  J. Dvořák,et al.  Does the analysis of the enantiomeric composition of clenbuterol in human urine enable the differentiation of illicit clenbuterol administration from food contamination in sports drug testing? , 2013, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[12]  M. Thevis,et al.  Clenbuterol - regional food contamination a possible source for inadvertent doping in sports. , 2012, Drug testing and analysis.

[13]  Edgardo Muñoz,et al.  Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrator. Federal Court Appeal. Challenge of Arbitrator. Swiss Federal Court. J. October 29th, 2010. Alejandro Valverde Belmonte v. Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (CONI) and other. , 2012 .

[14]  C. Reichel.  OMICS-strategies and methods in the fight against doping. , 2011, Forensic science international.

[15]  Neil Robinson,et al.  Future of the fight against doping: risk assessment, biological profiling and intelligence testing. , 2011, Forensic science international.

[16]  Martial Saugy,et al.  The athlete biological passport. , 2011, Clinical chemistry.

[17]  S. Stear,et al.  A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance—Part 22 , 2011, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[18]  Martial Saugy,et al.  Prevalence of blood doping in samples collected from elite track and field athletes. , 2011, Clinical chemistry.

[19]  M. Townsley,et al.  Crime Script Analysis of Drug Manufacturing In Clandestine Laboratories Implications for Prevention , 2011 .

[20]  N. Robinson,et al.  The fight against doping: back on track with blood. , 2009, Drug testing and analysis.

[21]  M. Thevis,et al.  Nutritional supplements cross-contaminated and faked with doping substances. , 2008, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[22]  Peter Strelan,et al.  Why drug testing in elite sport does not work: Perceptual deterrence theory and the role of personal moral beliefs , 2006 .

[23]  Daniel S. Nagin,et al.  INTEGRATING CELERITY, IMPULSIVITY, AND EXTRALEGAL SANCTION THREATS INTO A MODEL OF GENERAL DETERRENCE: THEORY AND EVIDENCE* , 2001 .

[24]  Wanda D. Foglia.  Perceptual Deterrence and the Mediating Effect of Internalized Norms among Inner-City Teenagers , 1997 .

[25]  R. Paternoster,et al.  The deterrent effect of the perceived certainty and severity of punishment: A review of the evidence and issues , 1987 .

[26]  ACC Report , 1979 .

[27]  M. Thevis,et al.  Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. , 2012, Drug testing and analysis.

[28]  M. Zorzoli.  The Athlete Biological Passport from the perspective of an anti-doping organization , 2011, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

[29]  S. Haque.  Ethics approval This study was conducted with the approval of the East London and City Health Authority Ethic Committee. Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. , 2011 .

[30]  R. Kazlauskas.  Designer steroids. , 2010, Handbook of experimental pharmacology.

[31]  R. Paternoster,et al.  Sanction threats and appeals to morality : Testing a rational choice model of corporate crime , 1996 .