Coupled Finite-Volume Model for 2D Surface and 3D Subsurface Flows

Surface-subsurface interactions are an intrinsic component of the hydrologic response within a watershed; therefore, hydrologic modeling tools should consider these interactions to provide reliable predictions, especially during rainfall-runoff processes. This paper presents a fully implicit coupled model designed for hydrologic evaluation in wetlands, agricultural fields, etc. The model uses the depth-averaged two-dimensional (2D) diffusion wave equation for shallow surface water flow, and the three-dimensional (3D) mixed-form Richards equation for variably saturated subsurface flow. The interactions between surface and subsurface flows are considered via infiltration in dynamic equilibrium. A general framework for coupling the surface and subsurface flow equations is adopted, based on the continuity conditions of pressure head and exchange flux rather than the traditional conductance concept. The diffusion wave surface water equation is used as an upper boundary condition for the initial-boundary value ...

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