Differential impacts of ionizing radiation on a sexually dimorphic trait in male and female Acheta domesticus.

Purpose In many Orthopteran species, including crickets, forewings exhibit substantial sexual dimorphism driven by sexual selection. In the cricket, Acheta domesticus, females are the "choosy" sex and males exhibit multiple sexual signals to attract and successfully mate. Male forewings have highly specialized structures critical for acoustic signaling and mating. In contrast, female forewings currently serve no known purpose in this flightless species. Forewings also differ morphologically with male forewings containing complex acoustic producing and resonating regions and females lacking any defined structures. Due to their importance to mating as well as their structural complexity, impacts of environmental stress that target cricket forewing development may therefore have more severe consequences in males than females. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of a sexually dimorphic trait, forewing morphology, to an early life environmental stressor. Materials and Methods: We applied ionizing radiation (0-27.8Gy) as a stressor as dose can be precisely applied as well as its relevance in both environmental contamination and use in the Sterile Insect Technique. Results: A canonical variate analysis indicated that wing shape was significantly altered in males at all doses; 0.58Gy, 2.3Gy, 4.6Gy, 16.2Gy, and 23.2Gy. In females, shape was significantly altered at 27.8Gy and 23.2Gy groups and to a lesser extent at 0.58Gy and 16.2Gy. Linear regression analysis of centroid size indicated a dose dependent decline in wing size in both sexes, with males exhibiting more decline. Fluctuating asymmetry, a measure of environmental sensitivity, revealed that males were more sensitive to shape changes due to stress than females. This difference in sensitivity is likely due to the complexity of male forewings. Conclusion: These results expand understanding of sex dimorphism in stress responses and sensitivity to ionizing radiation.

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