The severe winter of 1697/98

The causes of the regular downpours at Cherrapunji are well understood. However, quite why the cyclone at Bombay was so severe, i.e. why winds were so strong and rainfall was so heavy, is unclear. Its vigour was probably due to stronger-than-normal surface convergence and unusually high wind shear. It is quite possible also that the contribution of high sea temperatures which are at a maximum in the northern Indian Ocean during July and August to the vigour of the circulation was also underestimated.