In Vivo Characterization of Healthy Oral Mucosa by Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Translational Research for Optical Biopsy

Abstract Purpose: To characterize in vivo microscopic features of healthy oral mucosa by noninvasive, real-time reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Material and Methods: One hundred healthy mucosal sites (38 lips, 24 cheeks, 10 gingivae, and 28 tongues) from 50 randomly selected volunteers were imaged by a commercially available in vivo RCM (Vivascope3000, Lucid, Rochester, NY). Morphological results were described and correlated with conventional histology. Results: Specific microscopic parameters (cellular morphology, anatomical structures features, architectural patterns) were identified by RCM for each mucosal site. Conclusions: RCM features reproducibility in different mucosal sites and subjects, which suggests that RCM can be an adjunct tool for clinical management in stomatology.

[1]  S. Warnakulasuriya,et al.  Evaluation of an autofluorescence based imaging system (VELscope™) in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and benign keratoses. , 2011, Oral oncology.

[2]  E. Moscarella,et al.  Pilot study on reflectance confocal microscopy imaging of lichen planus: a real‐time, non‐invasive aid for clinical diagnosis , 2012, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[3]  E. Berardesca,et al.  Confocal microscopic features of scarring alopecia: preliminary report , 2011, The British journal of dermatology.

[4]  H. Duschner,et al.  Microradiography and confocal laser scanning microscopy applied to enamel lesions formed in vivo with and without fluoride varnish treatment. , 1996, European journal of oral sciences.

[5]  Ann M Gillenwater,et al.  Confocal microscopy for real-time detection of oral cavity neoplasia. , 2003, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[6]  G. Favia,et al.  Confocal laser scanning microscopy of human cementocytes: analysis of three-dimensional image reconstruction. , 2007, Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft.

[7]  N. Kollias,et al.  Wavelength effects on contrast observed with reflectance in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy , 2009, Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging.

[8]  A. Marghoob,et al.  Reflectance confocal microscopy and features of melanocytic lesions: an internet-based study of the reproducibility of terminology. , 2009, Archives of dermatology.

[9]  A. Boyde,et al.  In vivo imaging of human teeth and skin using real-time confocal microscopy , 1991 .

[10]  E Berardesca,et al.  Concordance between in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and histology in the evaluation of plaque psoriasis , 2009, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[11]  M Rajadhyaksha,et al.  Noninvasive Imaging of Human Oral Mucosa in Vivo by Confocal Reflectance Microscopy , 1999, The Laryngoscope.

[12]  S. González,et al.  Peritumoral clefting in basal cell carcinoma: correlation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and routine histology , 2011, Journal of cutaneous pathology.

[13]  S. Warnakulasuriya,et al.  The use of toluidine blue in the detection of pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions. , 2011, Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology.

[14]  A. Scope,et al.  Preliminary evaluation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy features of discoid lupus erythematosus , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[15]  W M Petroll,et al.  In vivo confocal microscopy in clinical dental research: an initial appraisal. , 1992, Journal of dentistry.

[16]  R. Webb,et al.  In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin II: advances in instrumentation and comparison with histology. , 1999, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[17]  T F Watson,et al.  Applications of confocal scanning optical microscopy to dentistry , 1991, British Dental Journal.

[18]  H. Pau,et al.  In vivo Observation of Papillae of the Human Tongue Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy , 2005, ORL.

[19]  Martin Scheer,et al.  Autofluorescence imaging of potentially malignant mucosa lesions. , 2011, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[20]  Massimo Petruzzi,et al.  Use of Lugol's iodine in oral cancer diagnosis: an overview. , 2010, Oral oncology.

[21]  Camile S Farah,et al.  Efficacy of tissue autofluorescence imaging (velscope) in the visualization of oral mucosal lesions , 2012, Head & neck.

[22]  Kristen C. Maitland,et al.  In vivo imaging of oral neoplasia using a miniaturized fiber optic confocal reflectance microscope. , 2008, Oral oncology.

[23]  Heinrich von Schwanewede,et al.  Intraorale Diagnostik mittels konfokaler Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie / Intraoral diagnostics using confocal laser scanning microscopy , 2009, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[24]  H. Pau,et al.  [Confocal laser-scanning microscopy to analyse the epithelium of the tongue]. , 2004, Laryngo- rhino- otologie.

[25]  S. González,et al.  Evaluation of Bowen disease by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy , 2011, The British journal of dermatology.

[26]  H. Pau,et al.  Konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie zur Beurteilung des Zungenepithels , 2004 .

[27]  V. Crincoli,et al.  Analysis of Collagen Distribution in Human Crown Dentin by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy , 2008, Ultrastructural pathology.