Tracking the on-orbit spatial performance of MODIS using ground targets

Nearly-identical MODIS instruments are operating onboard both the NASA EOS Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Each instrument records earth-scene data using 490 detectors divided among 36 spectral bands. These bands range in center wavelength from 0.4 μm to 14.2 μm to benefit studies of the entire earth system including land, atmosphere, and ocean disciplines. Many of the resultant science data products are the result of multiple bands used in combination. Any mis-registration between the bands would adversely affect subsequent data products. The relative registration between MODIS bands was measured pre-launch and continues to be monitored on-orbit via the Spectro-radiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA), an on-board calibrator. Analysis has not only shown registration differences pre-launch, but also long-term and seasonal changes. While the ability to determine registration changes on-orbit using the SRCA is unique to MODIS, the use of ground targets to determine relative registration has been used for other instruments. This paper evaluates a ground target for MODIS spatial characterization using the MODIS calibrated data product. Results are compared against previously reported findings using MODIS data and the operational on-board characterization using the SRCA.