Fabrication, characterization and cell cultures on a novel chitosan scaffold.

Chitosan has been used as scaffolds with various methods of fabrication including expensive commercial available ones for tissue engineering. The objective of this study is to assemble our novel method of chitosan scaffold fabrication in economical and uncomplicated way that suitable for dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) and stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Chitosan scaffolds (2% and 3%) were fabricated in an uncomplicated procedure, including centrifugation and freeze-drying steps. The chitosan scaffolds were compared and the pore size, swelling and degradation were assessed. In addition, the cytocompatibility was assessed of chitosan scaffolds seeded with DPSC and SHED. The pore size of 2% and 3% chitosan scaffolds were similar being 188.71 ± 51.90 μm and 195.30 ± 67.21 μm, respectively. Swelling ratios of 3% chitosan scaffolds were significantly lower than those of 2% chitosan scaffolds. Dimension of scaffolds changed in first 5 minutes. After that, those scaffolds could maintain their dimension. Chitosan scaffolds degraded as from day 7. No differences were found between 2% and 3% chitosan scaffolds. The scaffolds were shown to be non-toxic and to promote DPSCs and SHED growth. The viability of DPSCs and SHED on 2% scaffolds proved to be higher than that of the 3% scaffold group. This study suggested that chitosan scaffolds fabricated with our novel method were suitable for the growth and survival of DPSC and SHED.

[1]  I. Aranaz,et al.  Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan , 2009 .

[2]  A. Bhunia,et al.  WST-1-based cell cytotoxicity assay as a substitute for MTT-based assay for rapid detection of toxigenic Bacillus species using CHO cell line. , 2008, Journal of microbiological methods.

[3]  R. Zhuo,et al.  Biological Evaluation of Porous Chitosan/collagen Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering , 2008, 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering.

[4]  S. Oh,et al.  Investigation of Pore Size Effect on Cell Compatibility Using Pore Size Gradient Chitosan Scaffold , 2007 .

[5]  Shang-Ming Lin,et al.  Morphology and characterization of 3D micro-porous structured chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. , 2007, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[6]  M. Gümüşderelioğlu,et al.  In vitro characterization of chitosan scaffolds: influence of composition and deacetylation degree , 2007, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[7]  K. Oungbho,et al.  Growth and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts on chitosan-collagen sponges. , 2007, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[8]  D. Hutmacher,et al.  Reduced contraction of skin equivalent engineered using cell sheets cultured in 3D matrices. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[9]  G. T. Huang,et al.  In vitro characterization of human dental pulp cells: various isolation methods and culturing environments , 2006, Cell and Tissue Research.

[10]  Makarand V Risbud,et al.  Chitosan: a versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[11]  M. Shoichet,et al.  Controlling cell adhesion and degradation of chitosan films by N-acetylation. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[12]  L. Gibson,et al.  The effect of pore size on cell adhesion in collagen-GAG scaffolds. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[13]  Jia-cong Shen,et al.  Preparation and characterization of biodegradable chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite rods via in situ hybridization: a potential material as internal fixation of bone fracture. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[14]  V. Hasırcı,et al.  Macroporous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrices for bone tissue engineering. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[15]  Si-Nae Park,et al.  Biological characterization of EDC-crosslinked collagen-hyaluronic acid matrix in dermal tissue restoration. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[16]  E J Wood,et al.  The effect of chitin and chitosan on the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[17]  P. Bianco,et al.  Stem cells in tissue engineering , 2001, Nature.

[18]  O. Damour,et al.  Influence of the degree of acetylation on some biological properties of chitosan films. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[19]  M. Risbud,et al.  Polyacrylamide-chitosan hydrogels: in vitro biocompatibility and sustained antibiotic release studies. , 2000, Drug delivery.

[20]  H Lennernäs,et al.  Chitosans as absorption enhancers of poorly absorbable drugs. 3: Influence of mucus on absorption enhancement. , 1999, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[21]  O. Smidsrod,et al.  In vitro degradation rates of partially N-acetylated chitosans in human serum. , 1997, Carbohydrate research.