Bone Mechanics: From Tissue Mechanical Properties to an Assessment of Structural Behavior

Bone is the primary structural element of the human body. Bone is also unique among structural materials in that it is self-repairing and can alter its properties and configuration in response to changes in mechanical demand (Hayes and Snyder, 1981; Woo et al, 1981). Bone density changes are commonly observed with aging, after periods of disuse, or after chronic exercise (Jowsey, 1977; Lane and Vigorita, 1983; Woo et al, 1981).

[1]  George A. Graves,et al.  Compressive Strength Characteristics of the Human Vertebral Centrum , 1977 .

[2]  M H Bartley,et al.  The relationship of bone strength and bone quantity in health, disease, and aging. , 1966, Journal of gerontology.

[3]  A. Burstein,et al.  The elastic modulus for bone. , 1974, Journal of biomechanics.

[4]  J. Jowsey.  Metabolic diseases of bone , 1977 .

[5]  D. Carter,et al.  Tensile fracture of cancellous bone. , 1980, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[6]  M Martens,et al.  Aging of bone tissue: mechanical properties. , 1976, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[7]  W. Hayes,et al.  13 – Biomechanics of Bone , 1979 .

[8]  A H Burstein,et al.  The ultimate properties of bone tissue: the effects of yielding. , 1972, Journal of biomechanics.

[9]  Manfred Ronald Bottaccini.  Instruments and measurement , 1975 .

[10]  D. Simmons,et al.  Skeletal Research: An Experimental Approach , 1979 .

[11]  W. C. Hayes,et al.  Tensile testing of bone over a wide range of strain rates: effects of strain rate, microstructure and density , 1976, Medical and biological engineering.

[12]  R S Ledley,et al.  Evaluation of calcium concentration in bones from CT scans. , 1978, Radiology.

[13]  F. G. Evans,et al.  The mechanical properties of bone. , 1969, Artificial limbs.

[14]  A. Burstein,et al.  The Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone , 1974 .

[15]  W. Hayes,et al.  Bone compressive strength: the influence of density and strain rate. , 1976, Science.

[16]  W C Hayes,et al.  The effect of prolonged physical training on the properties of long bone: a study of Wolff's Law. , 1981, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.