Geothermal Energy: An Alternative Resource for the 21st Century

Preface. 1. The Energy Outlook. 2. Basic Concepts. 3. Heat Transfer. 4. Geothermal Systems and Resources. 5. Exploration Techniques. 6. Assessment and Exploitation. 7. The Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field, Mexico. 8. Worldwide Status of Geothermal Resource Utilization. 9. Thermal Energy of the Oceans.

[1]  D. Blackwell,et al.  A brief description of geological and geophysical exploration of the Marysville geothermal area , 1974 .

[2]  R. Tye,et al.  thermal conductivity , 2019 .

[3]  M. Grant,et al.  Production induced boiling and cold water entry in the Cerro Prieto geothermal reservoir indicated by chemical and physical measurements , 1984 .

[4]  D. Jackson,et al.  Preliminary results of geoelectrical investigations near Clear Lake, California , 1973 .

[5]  R. N. Horne,et al.  Geothermal reservoir engineering research at Sanford University , 1982 .

[6]  J. Healy.  Pre-investigation geological appraisal of geothermal fields , 1970 .

[7]  D. Hoover,et al.  Audio-magnetotelluric methods in reconnaissance geothermal exploration , 1975 .

[8]  A. J. Ellis,et al.  Natural hydrothermal systems and experimental hot-water/rock interactions , 1964 .

[9]  L. L. Nettleton.  Elementary gravity and magnetics for geologists and seismologists , 1971 .

[10]  David L. Williams,et al.  Assessment of geothermal resources of the United States, 1975 , 1975 .

[11]  T. Boldizsár.  Terrestrial heat flow in the natural steam field at Larderello , 1963 .

[12]  W. Duffield.  Late Cenozoic ring faulting and volcanism in the Coso Range area of California , 1975 .

[13]  G. Pickup,et al.  A high resolution magnetotelluric survey of the Milos geothermal prospect , 1989 .

[14]  Gunnar Bodvarsson,et al.  Evaluation of geothermal prospects and the objectives of geothermal exploration , 1970 .

[15]  D. White.  Rapid heat‐flow surveying of geothermal areas, utilizing individual snowfalls as calorimeters , 1969 .

[16]  Colin F. Williams,et al.  Characterization of rock thermal conductivity by high-resolution optical scanning , 1999 .

[17]  E. L. Majer,et al.  SEISMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL FIELD , 1979 .

[18]  R. Furgerson,et al.  Resistivity studies of the Imperial Valley geothermal area, California , 1972 .

[19]  E. D. Jackson,et al.  Linear island chains in the Pacific: Result of thermal plumes or gravitational anchors? , 1973 .

[20]  C. M. Swift,et al.  The application of audio-frequency magnetotellurics (AMT) to mineral exploration , 1973 .

[21]  P. Witherspoon,et al.  Exploration and development of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field , 1983 .

[22]  D. T. Hodder,et al.  Application of remote sensing to geothermal prospecting , 1970 .

[23]  M. B. Dobrin.  Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting , 1976 .

[24]  M. Lippmann,et al.  Evolution of the Cerro Prieto reservoirs under exploitation , 1997 .

[25]  Phillip M. Wright,et al.  State-of-the-art geophysical exploration for geothermal resources , 1985 .

[26]  L. Muffler,et al.  Microearthquakes at The Geysers Geothermal Area, California , 1972 .

[27]  Gabriella Stáhl,et al.  Study of calcite scaling and corrosion processes in geothermal systems , 2000 .

[28]  John W. Pritchett,et al.  USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ELECTROKINETIC POTENTIALS IN GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT , 2000 .

[29]  M. Ramsey,et al.  Analysis of hot springs and associated deposits in Yellowstone National Park using ASTER and AVIRIS remote sensing , 2004 .

[30]  William C. Kellogg,et al.  A summary of the geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area, Utah; discussion and reply , 1979 .

[31]  J. Kauahikaua.  Interpretation of time-domain electromagnetic soundings in the east rift geothermal area of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii , 1981 .

[32]  R. Fujita,et al.  Renewable energy from the ocean , 2002 .

[33]  T. Meidav.  Application of electrical resistivity and gravimetry in deep geothermal exploration , 1970 .

[34]  J. S. Sumner,et al.  Aeromagnetic study of the Colorado River delta area, Baja California, Mexico , 1973 .

[35]  F. Nava,et al.  Subsidence and Stress Change in the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field, B. C., Mexico , 2005 .

[36]  L. Cagniard.  Basic theory of the magneto-telluric method of geophysical prospecting , 1953 .

[37]  David D. Blackwell,et al.  14. Experimental Methods in Continental Heat Flow , 1987 .

[38]  T. Coplen,et al.  The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine , 1981 .

[39]  P. Gettings,et al.  PRECISE GRAVIMETRY AND GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT , 2000 .

[40]  C. R. Lewis,et al.  A Theory Relating High Temperatures and Overpressures , 1970 .

[41]  A. H. Truesdell,et al.  An empirical NaKCa geothermometer for natural waters , 1973 .

[42]  A. I. Kalina,et al.  Combined-Cycle System With Novel Bottoming Cycle , 1984 .

[43]  A. Lachenbruch,et al.  Thermal conductivity of rocks from measurements on fragments and its application to heat‐flow determinations , 1971 .

[44]  B. Moskowitz,et al.  A preliminary analysis of intrinsic fluid and rock resistivity in active hydrothermal systems , 1977 .

[45]  Friedrich E. Kruse,et al.  Mapping hot spring deposits with AVIRIS at Steamboat Springs , 1999 .

[46]  F. D'amore,et al.  Gas chemistry and thermometry of the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, geothermal field , 1984 .

[47]  David S. Chapman,et al.  A summary of the geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area, Utah; discussion and reply , 1978 .

[48]  G. Johnson,et al.  Hyperspectral detection of geothermal system-related soil mineralogy anomalies in Dixie Valley, Nevada: a tool for exploration , 2004 .

[49]  R. Corwin,et al.  The self-potential method in geothermal exploration , 1979 .

[50]  D. Cavrot,et al.  Economics of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) , 1993 .

[51]  W. Fischer,et al.  Fresh-water springs of Hawaii from infrared images , 1966 .

[52]  W. Giggenbach.  Geothermal solute equilibria. Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators , 1988 .

[53]  D. Swanson.  Magma Supply Rate at Kilauea Volcano, 1952-1971 , 1972, Science.

[54]  G. Pálmason.  Crustal structure of Iceland from explosion seismology , 1971 .

[55]  I. Mcdougall.  Volcanic Island Chains and Sea Floor Spreading , 1971 .

[56]  H. M. Iyer,et al.  Abnormal P-Wave Delays in The Geysers—Clear Lake Geothermal Area, California , 1979, Science.

[57]  H. Clark,et al.  The thermal conductivity of rocks and its dependence upon temperature and composition; Part II , 1940 .

[58]  D. Todorović,et al.  Thermal properties , 2022, Physics Subject Headings (PhySH).

[59]  Gerald W. Huttrer,et al.  The status of world geothermal power generation 1995-2000 , 2001 .

[60]  J. Lupton,et al.  Gas chemistry and helium isotopes at Cerro Prieto , 1979 .

[61]  Sukanta Roy,et al.  Heat flow researches in India: results and perspectives , 2003 .

[62]  H. Gupta.  Reservoir-Induced Earthquakes , 1992 .

[63]  A. A.Sánchez.  Preliminary geochemical model of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field , 1979 .

[64]  S. Arnórsson.  The use of mixing models and chemical geothermometers for estimating underground temperatures in geothermal systems , 1985 .

[65]  Slimhole Drilling, Logging, and Completion Technology - An Update , 1999 .

[66]  Dennis L. Nielson,et al.  Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal System, Utah--Case Study , 1982 .

[67]  J. Combs,et al.  Hydrocarbon potential of marginal basins bounded by an island arc , 1975 .

[68]  C. J. Banwell,et al.  Geothermal exploration in Mexico 1968–1969 , 1970 .

[69]  G. Pálmason,et al.  Microearthquake survey and the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge in Iceland , 1969 .

[70]  L. Muffler,et al.  Active Metamorphism of Upper Cenozoic Sediments in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field and the Salton Trough, Southeastern California , 1969 .

[71]  William D. Stanley,et al.  Deep electrical investigations in the Long Valley Geothermal Area, California , 1976 .

[72]  D. Blackwell.  A transient model of the geothermal system of the Long Valley Caldera, California , 1985 .

[73]  Ruggero Bertani,et al.  World geothermal power generation in the period 2001–2005 , 2005 .

[74]  R. Shanker,et al.  Scope of development, exploration and preliminary assessment of the geothermal resource potentials of India , 1982 .

[75]  J. Sass,et al.  Heat flow data and their relation to observed geothermal phenomena near Klamath Falls, Oregon , 1976 .

[76]  Peter Rose,et al.  Magnetotelluric Surveying and Monitoring at the Coso Geothermal Area, California, in Support of the Enhanced Geothermal Systems Concept: Survey Parameters, Initial Results , 2005 .

[77]  M. Rao.  Mineral springs of India. , 1948, Current science.

[78]  Keith Nicholson,et al.  Geothermal Fluids: Chemistry and Exploration Techniques , 1993 .

[79]  W. J. Morgan,et al.  Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection , 1972 .

[80]  J. H. Howard,et al.  Present status and future prospects for nonelectrical uses of geothermal resources , 1975 .

[81]  SELF-POTENTIAL VARIATION AT THE YANAIZU-NISHIYAMA GEOTHERMAL FIELD AND ITS INTERPRETATION BY THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION , 2000 .

[82]  L. Muffler,et al.  Resistivity, self-potential, and induced-polarization surveys of a vapor-dominated geothermal system , 1973 .

[83]  Belle Liang.  The earth’s crust and upper mantle , 1961 .

[84]  A. Lachenbruch,et al.  Heat flow in southernmost California and the origin of the Salton Trough , 1985 .

[85]  Sukanta Roy,et al.  Heat flow in the Indian shield , 2000 .

[86]  T. Hunt,et al.  Seismic, gravity and magnetic studies, Broadlands geothermal field, New Zealand , 1970 .

[87]  George V. Keller,et al.  Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting , 1981 .

[88]  A. Hofmeister,et al.  Earth's heat flux revised and linked to chemistry , 2005 .

[89]  J. M. Coulson,et al.  Heat Transfer , 2018, Finite Element Method for Solids and Structures.

[90]  S. Ross.  The Infrared Spectra of Minerals , 1974 .

[91]  John W. Lund,et al.  Direct application of geothermal energy : 2005 worldwide review , 2005 .

[92]  A. L. Lange,et al.  Microearthquakes near The Geysers, Sonoma County, California , 1969 .

[93]  Donald E. White,et al.  Vapor-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems , 1971 .

[94]  Gregory A. Newman,et al.  3D Magnetotelluric characterization of the COSO GeothermalField , 2005 .

[95]  The Evolving earth: A text in physical geology , 1974 .

[96]  L. Beda.  Thermal physics , 1994 .

[97]  R. Poreda,et al.  Helium isotopic and chemical composition of gases from volcanic-hydrothermal systems in the Philippines , 1993 .

[98]  H. M. Iyer,et al.  Seismic noise survey in Long Valley, California , 1973 .

[99]  Stefán Arnórsson,et al.  Isotopic and chemical techniques in geothermal exploration, development and use : sampling methods, data handling, interpretation , 2000 .

[100]  F. Frischknecht,et al.  Fields about an oscillating magnetic dipole over a two-layer earth, and Application to ground and airborne electromagnetic surveys , 1967 .

[101]  G. Dawson,et al.  D.C. resistivity surveys of the Broadlands geothermal region, New Zealand , 1970 .

[102]  Randy A. Normann,et al.  Field comparison of conventional and new technology temperature logging systems , 1998 .

[103]  P. J. Lienau,et al.  Geothermal direct use engineering and design guidebook , 1991 .

[104]  M. Lippmann,et al.  Effects of pressure drawdown and recovery on the Cerro Prieto beta reservoir in the CP-III area , 1998 .

[105]  P. J. Benavidez,et al.  Geothermal energy development in the Philippines: an overview , 1993 .

[106]  Lynn R. Anspaugh,et al.  Health and environmental effects document on geothermal energy: 1981 , 1981 .

[107]  M. Lippmann,et al.  Update of the hydrogeologic model of the Cerro Prieto field based on recent well data , 1986 .

[108]  C. Banwell.  Chemical studies in Mexican geothermal fields , 1970 .

[109]  J. Combs,et al.  MICROEARTHQUAKE INVESTIGATION OF THE MESA GEOTHERMAL ANOMALY, IMPERIAL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA , 1973 .

[110]  W. Calvin,et al.  SEBASS hyperspectral thermal infrared data: surface emissivity measurement and mineral mapping , 2003 .

[111]  A. Truesdell,et al.  Geothermal reservoir temperatures estimated from the oxygen isotope compositions of dissolved sulfate and water from hot springs and shallow drillholes , 1977 .

[112]  G. P. Ryan,et al.  Equipment used in direct heat projects , 1984 .

[113]  J. Gonzalez,et al.  Recent Vertical Deformation in Mexicali Valley and its Relationship with Tectonics, Seismicity, and the Exploitation of the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field, Mexico , 1999 .

[114]  W. Giggenbach.  Isotopic shifts in waters from geothermal and volcanic systems along convergent plate boundaries and their origin , 1992 .

[115]  Halldór Ármannsson,et al.  Environmental aspects of geothermal energy utilization , 2003 .

[116]  Ronald DiPippo,et al.  Second Law assessment of binary plants generating power from low-temperature geothermal fluids , 2004 .

[117]  P. Kamp,et al.  Subsurface geological and geophysical study of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field, Baja California, Mexico , 1980 .

[118]  L. Rosenhead.  Conduction of Heat in Solids , 1947, Nature.

[119]  H. Morrison,et al.  Self-potential studies at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field , 1980 .

[120]  G. Simmons.  Interpretation of heat flow anomalies 1. Contrasts in heat production , 1967 .

[121]  D. Chapman,et al.  Thermal regime of the Escalante Desert, Utah, with an analysis of the Newcastle Geothermal System , 1981 .

[122]  W. Macdonald,et al.  Recent geophysical exploration of the Kawerau geothermal field, North Island, New Zealand , 1972 .

[123]  John W. Lund.  100 YEARS OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCT , 2005 .

[124]  L. Rybach,et al.  Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination , 1988 .

[125]  T. Kikuchi,et al.  The Electrokinetic Mechanism of Hydrothermal-Circulation-Related and Production-Induced Self-Potentials , 1987 .

[126]  T. Marshall,et al.  Delayed fracture of geothermal bore casing steels , 1969 .

[127]  T. Hunt,et al.  Analysis of exploitation-induced gravity changes at Wairakei Geothermal Field , 1986 .

[128]  S. Norwood.  GeoPowering the West , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,.

[129]  D. D. Jackson,et al.  Possibilities for controlling heavy metal sulfides in scale from geothermal brines , 1976 .

[130]  R. Fournier,et al.  An equation correlating the solubility of quartz in water from 25° to 900°C at pressures up to 10,000 bars , 1982 .

[131]  S. E. Halfman-Dooley,et al.  A review of the hydrogeologic-geochemical model for Cerro Prieto , 1991 .

[132]  G. Beardsmore.  The Influence of Basement on Surface Heat Flow in the Cooper Basin , 2004 .

[133]  D. Blackwell,et al.  Heat flow and geothermal potential of Kansas , 1981 .

[134]  A. Lachenbruch,et al.  The near-surface hydrothermal regime of Long Valley Caldera , 1976 .

[135]  G. B. Dalrymple,et al.  Origin of the Hawaiian Islands , 1974 .

[136]  G. R. Noakes.  University Physics , 1942, Nature.

[137]  L. J. Patrick Muffler,et al.  Assessment of geothermal resources of the United States, 1978 , 1979 .

[138]  C. Holt.  Energy from the oceans , 2007 .

[139]  N. Watkins,et al.  Volcanic Production Rates: Comparison of Oceanic Ridges, Islands, and the Columbia Plateau Basalts , 1973, Science.

[140]  Manuel S. Ogena,et al.  Geothermal Energy Development in the Philippines: Country Update , 2005 .

[141]  F. Tonani.  Some Remarks on the Application of Geochemical Techniques in geothermal exploration , 1980 .

[142]  M. Lippmann.  Overview of Cerro Prieto studies , 1983 .

[143]  K. Furlong,et al.  Thermal state of the lithosphere , 1987 .

[144]  L. C. Curtis,et al.  Geothermal Atlas of India , 1992 .

[145]  J. Verhoogen.  TEMPERATURES WITHIN THE EARTH , 1956 .

[146]  M. Lippmann,et al.  Response of Cerro Prieto II and III (Mexico) to exploitation , 2004 .

[147]  S. Arnórsson,et al.  The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland. III. Chemical geothermometry in geothermal investigations , 1983 .

[148]  V. Belousov,et al.  Recent hydrothermal systems of Kamchatka , 1970 .

[149]  G. Hunt.  SPECTRAL SIGNATURES OF PARTICULATE MINERALS IN THE VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED , 1977 .

[150]  M. Ivimey.  Annual report , 1958, IRE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech.

[151]  D. White.  Characteristics of geothermal resources , 1973 .

[152]  Yasuo Sato,et al.  Progress Report on Recent Improvements in the Analysis of Surface Wave Observations , 1968 .

[153]  H. Craig,et al.  Helium isotopes in geothermal and volcanic gases of the western United States, I. Regional variability and magmatic origin , 1988 .

[154]  K. Ushijima,et al.  Subsurface Structural Mapping Using Gravity Data of Hohi Geothermal Area, Central Kyushu, Japan , 2005 .

[155]  M. Wilt.  INTERPRETATION OF SHALLOW ELECTRICAL FEATURES FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC AND MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS AT MOUNT HOOD, OREGON , 1982 .

[156]  T. Duffy,et al.  Some like it hot: The temperature structure of the Earth , 2011 .

[157]  Eckart Hurtig,et al.  Fibre-optic temperature measurements in shallow boreholes: experimental application for fluid logging , 1994 .

[158]  Syed E. Hasan,et al.  Thermophysical Properties Of Rocks , 1978 .

[159]  Alfredo René Roldán,et al.  Geothermal Power Development in Guatemala 2000-2005 , 2004 .

[160]  N. E. Goldstein,et al.  LBL resistivity studies at Cerro Prieto , 1980 .

[161]  David D. Blackwell,et al.  Heat flow in the united States , 1968 .

[162]  Enrico Barbier,et al.  Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview , 2002 .

[163]  M. Lippmann,et al.  Geologic Interpretation of Geothermal Fluid Movement in Cerro Prieto Field, Baja California, Mexico , 1984 .

[164]  N. Harthill.  Geophysical methods in geothermal exploration , 1972 .

[165]  R. G. Bowen,et al.  Heat flow, arc volcanism, and subduction in northern Oregon , 1982 .

[166]  Y. Takahashi,et al.  An experiment on pipeline transportation of steam-water mixtures at otake geothermal field , 1970 .

[167]  T. Boldizsár.  Geothermal energy production from porous sediments in Hungary , 1970 .

[168]  P. Browne.  Hydrothermal Alteration in Active Geothermal Fields , 1978 .

[169]  D. Hill.  Structure of Long Valley Caldera, California, from a seismic refraction experiment , 1976 .

[170]  R. Haenel,et al.  Geothermics with special reference to application , 1974 .

[171]  Colin F. Williams,et al.  Thermal conductivity of water-saturated rocks from the KTB Pilot Hole at temperatures of 25 to 300°C , 1996 .

[172]  J. Bennett,et al.  Industrial applications , 2007, DATE.

[173]  Raymond Jeanloz,et al.  Temperature distribution in the crust and mantle , 1986 .

[174]  I. B. Fridleifsson,et al.  Status of geothermal energy amongst the world's energy sources , 2003 .

[175]  R. McEuen.  Delineation of geothermal deposits by means of long-spacing resistivity and airborne magnetics , 1970 .

[176]  L. Rybach.  Radioactive heat production in rocks and its relation to other petrophysical parameters , 1976 .

[177]  G. Keller.  Induction methods in prospecting for hot water , 1970 .

[178]  Suzanne Hurter,et al.  Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set , 1993 .

[179]  S. Björnsson,et al.  Microearthquakes, swarms, and the geothermal areas of Iceland , 1971 .

[180]  P. B. Barton,et al.  Fluid-Mineral Equilibria in Hydrothermal Systems , 1984 .

[181]  S. Stein,et al.  A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age , 1992, Nature.

[182]  M. B. Dobrin,et al.  Surface and near-surface waves in the Delaware Basin [Texas] , 1954 .

[183]  M. Wilt,et al.  RESISTIVITY MONITORING AT CERRO PRIETO , 1981 .

[184]  L. Cathles.  An analysis of the cooling of intrusives by ground-water convection which includes boiling , 1977 .

[185]  G. K. Reddy,et al.  High mantle heat flow in a Precambrian granulite province: Evidence from southern India , 2003 .

[186]  V.J.S. Grauch.  High-resolution aeromagnetic survey to image shallow faults, Dixie Valley geothermal field, Nevada , 2002 .

[187]  G. K. Reddy,et al.  Age dependence of continental heat flow—fantasy and facts , 1982 .

[188]  D. Hill,et al.  Earthquakes, Active Faults, and Geothermal Areas in the Imperial Valley, California , 1975, Science.

[189]  Manfred P. Hochstein,et al.  Infra-red remote sensing of thermal ground in the Taupo region, New Zealand , 1970 .

[190]  D. White,et al.  Isotopic geochemistry of thermal waters , 1954 .

[191]  A. Volta,et al.  STRATEGIES AND ECONOMICS OF GEOTHERMAL POWER DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICO , 2000 .

[192]  P. H. Jones..  Geothermal resources of the northern gulf of Mexico basin , 1970 .

[193]  P. Ward.  Microearthquakes: Prospecting tool and possible hazard in the development of geothermal resources , 1972 .

[194]  K. Erkan,et al.  Crustal Thermal Regime at The Geysers/Clear Lake Area, California , 2005 .

[195]  L. Muffler,et al.  EXPLORATION FOR GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES. , 1973 .

[196]  D. B. Burke,et al.  Rate and Direction of Spreading in Dixie Valley, Basin and Range Province, Nevada , 1973 .

[197]  V. Kononov,et al.  GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA: COUNTRY UPDATE REPORT 1995-1999 , 2000 .

[198]  J. C. Jaeger.  The effect of the drilling fluid on temperatures measured in bore holes , 1961 .

[199]  New Mexico..  High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, , 2001 .

[200]  Robert B. Smith,et al.  Interpretation of a seismic refraction profile across the Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah and vicinity , 1979 .

[201]  Colin F. Williams,et al.  THERMAL SIGNATURE OF SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW NEAR THE DIXIE VALLEY GEOTHERMAL FIELD, NEVADA , 1997 .

[202]  R. Allis.  Review of subsidence at Wairakei field, New Zealand , 2000 .

[203]  C. M. Budwine,et al.  Institute of geophysics and planetary physics , 1991 .

[204]  J. Sass,et al.  Geothermal energy: clean power from the Earth's heat , 2003 .

[205]  José Luis Quijano-León,et al.  Update of Geothermics in Mexico , 2004 .

[206]  H. Eysteinsson.  ELEVATION AND GRAVITY CHANGES AT GEOTHEMAL FIELDS ON THE REYKJANES PENINSULA, SW ICELAND , 2000 .

[207]  D. Blackwell,et al.  Heat flow in the western United States and extensional geothermal systems: Proceedings , 1999 .

[208]  L. Muffler,et al.  TECTONIC AND HYDROLOGIC CONTROL OF THE NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES , 1993 .

[209]  Denis Norton,et al.  Theory of Hydrothermal Systems , 1984 .

[210]  A. Lachenbruch.  Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension , 1978 .

[211]  Vladimir Kononov,et al.  Geothermal Development in Russia: Country Update Report 2000-2004 , 2005 .

[212]  A. Lachenbruch,et al.  Geothermal setting and simple heat conduction models for the Long Valley Caldera , 1976 .

[213]  D. W. Simpson,et al.  Dams and earthquakes , 1977 .

[214]  T. Hunt,et al.  A survey of seismic activity near wairakei geothermal field, New Zealand , 1982 .

[215]  Alan E. Williams,et al.  Hydrothermal flow regime and magmatic heat source of the Cerro Prieto geothermal system, Baja California, Mexico , 1984 .

[216]  A. Truesdell,et al.  Chapter 5 – ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE ON ENVIRONMENTS OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS , 1980 .

[217]  I. B. Fridleifsson,et al.  Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people , 2001 .

[218]  W. R. Sill,et al.  Self-potential modeling from primary flows , 1983 .

[219]  Lynell Stevens.  PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND FLOW LOGGING IN GEOTHERMAL WELLS , 2000 .

[220]  M. Landisman,et al.  Shield-like upper mantle structure inferred from long-period Rayleigh- and Love-wave dispersion investigations in the Middle East and southeast Asia , 1977 .

[221]  G. R. Johnson,et al.  Application of the self-potential method to geothermal exploration in Long Valley , 1976 .

[222]  Y. Mizutani,et al.  OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF SULPHATES. PART 3. OXYGEN ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION IN THE BISULPHATE ION--WATER SYSTEM. , 1969 .

[223]  S. Björnsson,et al.  Seismicity of Iceland , 1974 .

[224]  A. Holmes,et al.  Physics of the Earth , 1940, Nature.

[225]  E. Mazor,et al.  Dynamics of a geothermal field traced by noble gases: Cerro Prieto, Mexico , 1984 .

[226]  F. Nava,et al.  SUBSIDENCE IN CERRO PRIETO GEOTHERMAL FIELD, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO. , 2000 .

[227]  The display-equalized filter for frequency-time analysis , 1977, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[228]  David S. Chapman,et al.  Thermal gradients in the continental crust , 1986, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[229]  T. Coplen,et al.  A review of progress in understanding the fluid geochemistry of the Cerro Prieto geothermal system , 1984 .

[230]  John W. Lund,et al.  World-wide direct uses of geothermal energy 2000 , 2001 .

[231]  R. Harris,et al.  Gravity Signals at the Geysers Geothermal System , 2002 .

[232]  George Vernon Keller,et al.  Electromagnetic depth soundings , 1967 .