Existing energy management systems

This chapter describes three types of modern control centres. It must be emphasised that the control centres in operation today throughout the world cover a wide range with regard to both hardware and software. Operating strategies as well as economical and technical constraints lead to a very great variety of control centres. It is interesting to analyse all these constraints in view of the different control concepts which have been implemented. A selection of three different control concepts from North America, Europe and a developing country may give some insight into the large spectrum of solutions already realised.