Magnetohydrodynamic calculation for free surface velocity

The estimate of free surface velocity at the billet mold in magnetohydrodynamic calculation is important for steel surface quality. It is considered that the free surface velocity in the electromagnetic stirring operation is transferred through the wall, a boundary of the molten steel. Then the wall friction phenomena between the wall and the molten steel are modeled so as a wall friction, force is a function of wall velocity. The calculated velocity distribution in consideration of the wall friction in which the friction coefficient is estimated as 0.03 is in good agreement with the measured value.