Structural generation of two integrator loop filters using CDTAs and grounded capacitors

A versatile family of two integrator loop filter structures using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) and grounded capacitors is generated. The basic filter building blocks consist of current proportional blocks, current lossless integrators and a current lossy integrator based on the use of CDTAs as the major active components. It is demonstrated that the derived filter structures can realize a general class of second-order current transfer functions. Since the resulting structures contain only CDTAs and grounded capacitors, they are general and very appropriate for integration, cascading and electronic tuning. The influences of the CDTA non-idealities are also discussed. The functionality of the resulting filters has been verified by simulation results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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