Modern Semiconductor Devices for Integrated Circuits

3. Electrons and holes are the major characters in the play and carry opposite charge. Their mass however is altered from the mass of an electron in vacuum. The altered mass is called e ective mass, mn and mp 4. The band model is the tool required for quantitative analysis of semiconductors. From this model one can get the energy gap, E-K diagrams allowing the determination of e ective masses, analysis of the energy levels with in the gap and the conduction/valence bands etc