Revving the engine: signal transduction fuels T cell activation.

For initiation of an immune response, resting T cells must reprogram their metabolism. Continuing the "From the Field" series (see Editorial [2007] 26, 131), Jones and Thompson draw attention to the importance of metabolism during T cell activation and consider how this process is regulated by receptor-mediated signal transduction.

[1]  S. Krauss,et al.  Signaling takes a breath--new quantitative perspectives on bioenergetics and signal transduction. , 2001, Immunity.

[2]  P. Hammerman,et al.  Pim and Akt oncogenes are independent regulators of hematopoietic cell growth and survival. , 2005, Blood.

[3]  I. Clark,et al.  Effect of antioxidants on primary alloantigen-induced T cell activation and proliferation. , 1986, Journal of immunology.

[4]  M. Hall,et al.  TOR Signaling in Growth and Metabolism , 2006, Cell.

[5]  R. Deberardinis,et al.  The glucose dependence of Akt-transformed cells can be reversed by pharmacologic activation of fatty acid β-oxidation , 2005, Oncogene.

[6]  D. Keast,et al.  The effect of glutamine on murine splenic leukocyte responses to T and B cell mitogens , 1990, Immunology and cell biology.

[7]  Melinda Fitzgerald,et al.  Immunol. Cell Biol. , 1995 .

[8]  Oksana Gavrilova,et al.  p53 Regulates Mitochondrial Respiration , 2006, Science.

[9]  Craig B. Thompson,et al.  Fuel feeds function: energy metabolism and the T-cell response , 2005, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[10]  L. Wilkinson.  Immunity , 1891, The Lancet.

[11]  Daniel E Bauer,et al.  ATP citrate lyase inhibition can suppress tumor cell growth. , 2005, Cancer cell.

[12]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[13]  D. Roos,et al.  Changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of mitogenically stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. II. Relative importance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation on phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. , 1973, Experimental cell research.

[14]  Eyal Gottlieb,et al.  TIGAR, a p53-Inducible Regulator of Glycolysis and Apoptosis , 2006, Cell.

[15]  C. Thompson,et al.  Activated Akt promotes increased resting T cell size, CD28‐independent T cell growth, and development of autoimmunity and lymphoma , 2003, European journal of immunology.

[16]  U. Grohmann,et al.  CTLA-4–Ig regulates tryptophan catabolism in vivo , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[17]  B. Baban,et al.  GCN2 kinase in T cells mediates proliferative arrest and anergy induction in response to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. , 2005, Immunity.

[18]  David Carling,et al.  The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade--a unifying system for energy control. , 2004, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[19]  C. Thompson,et al.  The CD28 signaling pathway regulates glucose metabolism. , 2002, Immunity.

[20]  J. Kay,et al.  Inhibition of T and B lymphocyte proliferation by rapamycin. , 1991, Immunology.

[21]  C. Thompson,et al.  Rab7 prevents growth factor-independent survival by inhibiting cell-autonomous nutrient transporter expression. , 2003, Developmental cell.

[22]  M. V. Vander Heiden,et al.  In the absence of extrinsic signals, nutrient utilization by lymphocytes is insufficient to maintain either cell size or viability. , 2000, Molecular cell.

[23]  Russell G. Jones,et al.  AMP-activated protein kinase induces a p53-dependent metabolic checkpoint. , 2005, Molecular cell.

[24]  P. Sperryn,et al.  Blood. , 1989, British journal of sports medicine.

[25]  D. Hardie,et al.  Regulation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase by antigen receptor and Ca2+ in T lymphocytes , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[26]  J. Tavaré,et al.  The Identification of ATP-citrate Lyase as a Protein Kinase B (Akt) Substrate in Primary Adipocytes* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[27]  K. Inoki,et al.  TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling , 2002, Nature Cell Biology.

[28]  J. Strominger,et al.  Isolation and structural characterization of the human 4F2 heavy-chain gene, an inducible gene involved in T-lymphocyte activation , 1988, Molecular and cellular biology.

[29]  K. Inoki,et al.  TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival , 2003, Cell.

[30]  A. Chadli.  THE CANCER CELL , 1924, La Presse medicale.

[31]  M. Ciofani,et al.  Notch promotes survival of pre–T cells at the β-selection checkpoint by regulating cellular metabolism , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[32]  C. Thompson,et al.  ATP citrate lyase is an important component of cell growth and transformation , 2005, Oncogene.

[33]  Russell G. Jones,et al.  The proapoptotic factors Bax and Bak regulate T Cell proliferation through control of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis. , 2007, Immunity.