Curriculum Development: A Guide to Practice

About the authors Preface Brief Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Curriculum in a New Global Age 1 Defining Curriculum Structure and Principles in Curriculum Development History and Curriculum: Three Eras Global Reflections Foundations of Curriculum Planning A New Age of Curriculum Old Issues, New Impediments Summary Additional Reading Chapter 2 Philosophy and Curriculum Design 60 A search for a Philosophic Attitude Critical Questions to be Answered The Struggle to Be a Decisive Leader Determinants of an Educational Philosophy Five Educational Philosophies Philosophy Preference Assessment Philosophies as Found in Schools The Learning Environment School Philosophy and Curriculum Design Summary Additional Reading Chapter 3 Managing Curriculum Development 107 Establishing the Philosophy Formulating Goals Classifying Goals and Objectives Using Objectives to Order Learning Specifying Behavioral Objectives Assessing needs: Focusing for Results How Districts Improve Programs Comprehensive Planning Curriculum Management Plans Criteria for Evaluating Instructional Programs Assessing Educational Research Summary Additional Reading Chapter 4 Standards-Based Curriculum 150 Origin of Standards Previous Reform Efforts The Latest Reforms Standards-Based Education How Standards Work in Schools Managing Standards-Based Programs The Role of Technology Re-Balancing Standards-Based Curriculums A Warning Summary Additional Reading Chapter 5 Curriculum Development in the Classroom 217 The Traditional Relationship Two Levels of Classroom Planning Choices: Learning Theory Teaching With a Cognitive Focus Interaction Patterns in the Classroom Collaborative Leadership in Curriculum Teachers as Leaders Providing Leadership: Specific Activities Summary Additional Reading Chapter 6 Elementary School Programs and Issues 242 The Pre-K-5 Elementary School Program Basis of the Elementary School Program Organizing the Curriculum Selection of Content Determining Appropriate Elementary School Curriculum Content Diverse Needs of Children Educating Children With Disabilities in a Regular Classroom Inclusion: What Does it Mean? Gifted Students Other Students With Needs Learning Styles and Systems Organization and Grouping in the Elementary School Summary Additional reading Chapter 7 Middle School Programs and Issues 292 The Middle School: A Historical Perspective Functions of the Middle School Establishing an Identity for the Middle School The Middle School Student The Middle School Teacher Managing Middle School Programs Organizing for Instruction in the Middle School Comprehensive Planning for Middle Schools: A Review Role of technology Evaluating the Middle School New Standards for the Middle School The Middle School as a Part of the Total Curriculum Summary Additional Reading Chapter 8 Secondary school Programs and Issues 348 Historical Development of the Secondary School Reform Movements in Secondary Education Recent Changes in the Secondary School The Changing Curriculum of the Secondary School Organizational Practices in the Secondary School Professional Visions for the Secondary School A Changing Country in a Changing World Improving Teacher Quality A Closing Note Summary Additional Reading Chapter 9 Global Perspectives of Curriculum 392 Nations at Work The Many Faces of Curriculum Development Extrapolation to Local Conditions Summary Additional Reading Chapter 10 Technology, Curriculum, and the Future 420 Understanding and Responding Getting Started What Our Schools Are Doing Projections Decline, Attack, Defection Home Schooling How Public Education is Responding Putting It All in Perspective Traditional Views of Education Radical and Postmodern Views of Education Summary Additional Reading Resources Resource A- Applications and Activities 472 Resource B- Partial List of Organizations and Associations 488 Affecting United States Education Glossary 501 References 516