Capacity and power fade cycle-life model for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle lithium-ion battery cells containing blended spinel and layered-oxide positive electrodes

Abstract This paper proposes and validates a semi-empirical cycle-life model for lithium-ion pouch cells containing blended spinel and layered-oxide positive electrodes. For the model development and validation experimental data obtained during an aging campaign is used. During the campaign the influence of charge sustaining/depleting operation, minimum state of charge (SOC), charging rate and temperature on the aging process is studied. The aging profiles, which are prescribed in power mode, are selected to be representative of realistic plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) operation. The proposed model describes capacity fade and resistance increase as function of the influencing stress factors and battery charge throughput. Due to its simplicity but still good accuracy, the applications of the proposed aging model include the design of algorithms for battery state-of-health (SOH) monitoring and prognosis, PHEV optimal energy management including battery aging, and the study of aging propagation among battery cells in advanced energy storage systems.

[1]  Daniel P. Abraham,et al.  Differential voltage analyses of high-power lithium-ion cells. 4. Cells containing NMC , 2010 .

[2]  Stephen Yurkovich,et al.  Electro-thermal battery model identification for automotive applications , 2011 .

[3]  R. Spotnitz.  Simulation of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries , 2003 .

[4]  Jeffrey W. Fergus,et al.  Recent developments in cathode materials for lithium ion batteries , 2010 .

[5]  Matthieu Dubarry,et al.  Investigation of path dependence in commercial lithium-ion cells chosen for plug-in hybrid vehicle duty cycle protocols , 2011 .

[6]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Review of Models for Predicting the Cycling Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries , 2006 .

[7]  I. Bloom,et al.  Calendar and PHEV cycle life aging of high-energy, lithium-ion cells containing blended spinel and layered-oxide cathodes , 2011 .

[8]  Masatoshi Uno,et al.  Influence of High-Frequency Charge–Discharge Cycling Induced by Cell Voltage Equalizers on the Life Performance of Lithium-Ion Cells , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[9]  Chester G. Motloch,et al.  Mechanisms of impedance rise in high-power, lithium-ion cells☆ , 2002 .

[10]  Simona Onori,et al.  Model Based Strategy for Estimation of the Residual Life of Automotive Batteries , 2009 .

[11]  Alexander K. Suttman.  Lithium Ion Battery Aging Experiments and Algorithm Development for Life Estimation , 2011 .

[12]  Giorgio Rizzoni,et al.  Characterization of Cycle-Life Aging in Automotive Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells , 2013 .

[13]  Ralph E. White,et al.  A generalized cycle life model of rechargeable Li-ion batteries , 2006 .

[14]  Martin Cifrain,et al.  Design-of-Experiment and Statistical Modeling of a Large Scale Aging Experiment for Two Popular Lithium Ion Cell Chemistries , 2013 .

[15]  Simona Onori,et al.  An experimentally validated capacity degradation model for Li-ion batteries in PHEVs applications , 2012 .

[16]  Lino Guzzella,et al.  Battery State-of-Health Perceptive Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[17]  Simona Onori,et al.  Aging Propagation in Advanced Battery Systems: Preliminary Results , 2013 .

[18]  Xiao-Zhen Liao,et al.  Electrochemical evaluation of composite cathodes base on blends of LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 , 2001 .

[19]  J. Apt,et al.  Lithium-ion battery cell degradation resulting from realistic vehicle and vehicle-to-grid utilization , 2010 .

[20]  Mohammadhosein Safari,et al.  Life-Prediction Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from a Fatigue Approach I. Introduction: Capacity-Loss Prediction Based on Damage Accumulation , 2010 .

[21]  Kyung Yoon Chung,et al.  In situ X-ray diffraction studies of mixed LiMn2O4–LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 composite cathode in Li-ion cells during charge–discharge cycling , 2009 .

[22]  Dirk Uwe Sauer,et al.  Cycle and calendar life study of a graphite|LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Li-ion high energy system. Part A: Full cell characterization , 2013 .

[23]  Shengbo Zhang.  The effect of the charging protocol on the cycle life of a Li-ion battery , 2006 .

[24]  Matthieu Dubarry,et al.  Evaluation of commercial lithium-ion cells based on composite positive electrode for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications. Part I: Initial characterizations , 2011 .

[25]  Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens,et al.  Aging mechanisms of lithium cathode materials , 2004 .

[26]  M. Broussely,et al.  Aging mechanism in Li ion cells and calendar life predictions , 2001 .

[27]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[28]  John Newman,et al.  Experiments on and Modeling of Positive Electrodes with Multiple Active Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2009 .

[29]  M. Verbrugge,et al.  Cycle-life model for graphite-LiFePO 4 cells , 2011 .

[30]  Simona Onori,et al.  A new life estimation method for lithium-ion batteries in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles applications , 2012 .

[31]  Kevin L. Gering,et al.  Differential voltage analyses of high-power lithium-ion cells: 3. Another anode phenomenon , 2005 .

[32]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Mathematical modeling of the capacity fade of Li-ion cells , 2003 .

[33]  Herbert L Case,et al.  An accelerated calendar and cycle life study of Li-ion cells. , 2001 .

[34]  Herbert L Case,et al.  Calendar- and cycle-life studies of advanced technology development program generation 1 lithium-ion batteries , 2002 .

[35]  M. Broussely,et al.  Main aging mechanisms in Li ion batteries , 2005 .

[36]  M. Safari,et al.  Life Prediction Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from a Fatigue Approach II. Capacity-Loss Prediction of Batteries Subjected to Complex Current Profiles , 2010 .

[37]  Vojtech Svoboda,et al.  Capacity and power fading mechanism identification from a commercial cell evaluation , 2007 .

[38]  Simona Onori,et al.  Optimal energy management of hybrid electric vehicles including battery aging , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference.

[39]  M. Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens,et al.  Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries , 2005 .

[40]  Hiroyuki Katsukawa,et al.  Degradation Mechanism and Life Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2006 .

[41]  Dirk Uwe Sauer,et al.  Development of a lifetime prediction model for lithium-ion batteries based on extended accelerated aging test data , 2012 .

[42]  Ganesan Nagasubramanian,et al.  Modeling capacity fade in lithium-ion cells , 2005 .

[43]  Chaoyang Wang,et al.  Micro‐Macroscopic Coupled Modeling of Batteries and Fuel Cells I. Model Development , 1998 .

[44]  Matthieu Dubarry,et al.  Evaluation of commercial lithium-ion cells based on composite positive electrode for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications. Part II. Degradation mechanism under 2 C cycle aging , 2011 .

[45]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Calendar life performance of pouch lithium-ion cells , 2005 .

[46]  K. Goebel,et al.  Prognostics in Battery Health Management , 2008, IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine.