Transcriptional repression by YY1, a human GLI-Krüippel-related protein, and relief of repression by adenovirus E1A protein

A sequence within the transcription control region of the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter has been shown to mediate transcriptional activation by the adenovirus E1A protein. We report here that this same element mediates transcriptional repression in the absence of E1A. Two cellular proteins have been found to bind to overlapping regions within this sequence element. One of these proteins, YY1, is responsible for the repression. E1A relieves repression exerted by YY1 and further activates transcription through its binding site. A YY1-specific cDNA has been isolated. Its sequence reveals YY1 to be a zinc finger protein that belongs to the GLI-Krüppel gene family. The product of the cDNA binds to YY1 sites. When fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, it is capable of repressing transcription directed by a promoter that contains GAL4-binding sites, and E1A proteins can relieve the repression and activate transcription through the fusion protein.

[1]  E. Hochuli,et al.  New metal chelate adsorbent selective for proteins and peptides containing neighbouring histidine residues. , 1987, Journal of chromatography.

[2]  T. Richmond,et al.  Interactions of purified transcription factors: binding of yeast MAT alpha 1 and PRTF to cell type‐specific, upstream activating sequences. , 1988, EMBO Journal.

[3]  F. Sanger,et al.  DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[4]  N. Jones,et al.  Functional analysis of adenovirus-5 host-range deletion mutants defective for transformation of rat embryo cells. , 1980, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[5]  E. A. O'neill,et al.  The proline-rich transcriptional activator of CTF/NF-I is distinct from the replication and DNA binding domain , 1989, Cell.

[6]  R. Tjian,et al.  Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. , 1989, Science.

[7]  M. Kozak.  Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. , 1984, Nucleic acids research.

[8]  Mark Ptashne,et al.  Mutants of GAL4 protein altered in an activation function , 1987, Cell.

[9]  R. Elble,et al.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in plasmid maintenance is necessary for mating of MAT alpha cells. , 1988, Journal of molecular biology.

[10]  R. Roeder,et al.  Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. , 1983, Nucleic acids research.

[11]  D. Luk,et al.  Expression and purification of the leucine zipper and DNA-binding domains of Fos and Jun: both Fos and Jun contact DNA directly. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  R. Roeder,et al.  Interaction of a gene-specific transcription factor with the adenovirus major late promoter upstream of the TATA box region , 1985, Cell.

[13]  C. Glass,et al.  The thyroid hormone receptor binds with opposite transcriptional effects to a common sequence motif in thyroid hormone and estrogen response elements , 1988, Cell.

[14]  L. Swanson,et al.  Tst-1, a member of the POU domain gene family, binds the promoter of the gene encoding the cell surface adhesion molecule P0 , 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

[15]  B. Trapp,et al.  Expression and activity of the POU transcription factor SCIP. , 1990, Science.

[16]  M. Kozak,et al.  Point mutations close to the AUG initiator codon affect the efficiency of translation of rat preproinsulin in vivo , 1984, Nature.

[17]  M. Levine,et al.  Activation and repression of transcription by the gap proteins hunchback and Krüppel in cultured Drosophila cells. , 1991, Genes & development.

[18]  R. Tjian,et al.  Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals mutiple transcriptional domains, including a novel glutamine-rich activation motif , 1988, Cell.

[19]  L. Hood,et al.  Internal amino acid sequence analysis of proteins separated by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after in situ protease digestion on nitrocellulose. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[20]  J. Grippo,et al.  Expression of REX-1, a gene containing zinc finger motifs, is rapidly reduced by retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[21]  T. Richmond,et al.  DNA binding-induced conformational change of the yeast transcriptional activator PRTF , 1990, Cell.

[22]  T. Shenk,et al.  The adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region contains a duplicated enhancer element , 1983, Cell.

[23]  D. Baltimore,et al.  The “initiator” as a transcription control element , 1989, Cell.

[24]  B. Oakley,et al.  A simplified ultrasensitive silver stain for detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels. , 1980, Analytical biochemistry.

[25]  Michael R. Green,et al.  Transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein , 1989, Nature.

[26]  A. Levine,et al.  Negative regulation of the BZLF1 promoter of Epstein-Barr virus , 1991, Journal of virology.

[27]  S. McKnight,et al.  Transcriptional control signals of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene. , 1982, Science.

[28]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[29]  M. Ptashne,et al.  The carboxy-terminal 30 amino acids of GAL4 are recognized by GAL80 , 1987, Cell.

[30]  B. Luckow,et al.  CAT constructions with multiple unique restriction sites for the functional analysis of eukaryotic promoters and regulatory elements , 1987, Nucleic Acids Res..

[31]  J. Nevins,et al.  Adenovirus E1A proteins can dissociate heteromeric complexes involving the E2F transcription factor: A novel mechanism for E1A trans-activation , 1990, Cell.

[32]  D. Kitamura,et al.  Purification of an octamer sequence (ATGCAAAT)-binding protein from human B cells. , 1987, Nucleic Acids Research.

[33]  S. O’Brien,et al.  The GLI-Kruppel family of human genes , 1988, Molecular and cellular biology.

[34]  W. Doerfler,et al.  Induction of transcription factor AP-1 by adenovirus E1A protein and cAMP. , 1989, Genes & development.

[35]  I. Pastan,et al.  Molecular cloning and characterization of a human DNA binding factor that represses transcription , 1989, Cell.

[36]  K. Leong,et al.  Factors responsible for the higher transcriptional activity of extracts of adenovirus-infected cells fractionate with the TATA box transcription factor , 1988, Molecular and cellular biology.

[37]  S. McKnight,et al.  Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. , 1989, Annual review of biochemistry.

[38]  Jonathan D. Licht,et al.  Drosophila Krüppel protein is a transcriptional represser , 1990, Nature.

[39]  Y. Shi,et al.  Adeno-associated virus P5 promoter contains an adenovirus E1A-inducible element and a binding site for the major late transcription factor , 1989, Journal of virology.

[40]  M. Wigler,et al.  Biochemical transfer of single-copy eucaryotic genes using total cellular DNA as donor , 1978, Cell.

[41]  A. Dean,et al.  Yeast alpha 2 repressor positions nucleosomes in TRP1/ARS1 chromatin , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[42]  B. Howard,et al.  Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells , 1982, Molecular and cellular biology.

[43]  M. Frasch,et al.  Complementary patterns of even-skipped and fushi tarazu expression involve their differential regulation by a common set of segmentation genes in Drosophila. , 1987, Genes & development.