Linear unequally spaced array synthesis for sidelobe suppression with different aperture constraints using whale optimization algorithm

In this paper, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is introduced and applied to the synthesis of uniformly excited broadside linear unequally spaced arrays for sidelobe suppression with different aperture constraints. Two design examples of pattern synthesis with fixed and unfixed array aperture respectively have been chosen to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of WOA when compared to synthesis techniques described in literature. The results show that the WOA achieves lowest maximum sidelobe level relative to other state-of-the-art algorithms in two design cases. The WOA results and convergence tests demonstrate superior applicability of this novel optimization algorithm.

[1]  A.A. Kishk,et al.  Invasive Weed Optimization and its Features in Electromagnetics , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[2]  Douglas H. Werner,et al.  The Wind Driven Optimization Technique and its Application in Electromagnetics , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[3]  J. R. Mosig,et al.  Synthesis of Uniform Amplitude Focused Beam Arrays , 2012, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[4]  Andrew Lewis,et al.  The Whale Optimization Algorithm , 2016, Adv. Eng. Softw..

[5]  Tommaso Isernia,et al.  Deterministic Synthesis of Uniform Amplitude Sparse Arrays via New Density Taper Techniques , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[6]  J. N. Sahalos,et al.  Sparse Linear Array Synthesis With Multiple Constraints Using Differential Evolution With Strategy Adaptation , 2011, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[7]  Paolo Rocca,et al.  Unconventional Phased Array Architectures and Design Methodologies—A Review , 2016, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[8]  C. Christodoulou,et al.  Linear array geometry synthesis with minimum sidelobe level and null control using particle swarm optimization , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[9]  Y. Rahmat-Samii,et al.  Advances in Particle Swarm Optimization for Antenna Designs: Real-Number, Binary, Single-Objective and Multiobjective Implementations , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[10]  Santosh Kumar Mahto,et al.  A Novel Hybrid IWO/WDO Algorithm for Interference Minimization of Uniformly Excited Linear Sparse Array by Position-Only Control , 2016, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[11]  K. Siakavara,et al.  Application of a Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimizer to Unequally Spaced Linear Array Synthesis With Sidelobe Level Suppression and Null Control , 2010, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.