Increasing data availability in mobile ad-hoc networks : A community-centric and resource-aware replication approach

Les reseaux ad hoc mobiles sont des reseaux qui se forment spontanement grâce a la presence de terminaux mobiles. Ces reseaux sans fil sont de faible capacite. Les nœuds se deplacent librement et de maniere imprevisible et ils se dechargent tres rapidement. En consequence, un reseau MANET est tres enclin a subir des partitionnements frequents. Les applications deployees sur de tels reseaux, souffrent de problemes de disponibilite des donnees induits par ces partitionnements. La replication des donnees constitue un mecanisme prometteur pour pallier ce probleme. Cependant, la mise en œuvre d’un tel mecanisme dans un environnement aussi contraint en ressources constitue un reel defi. L’objectif principal est donc de realiser un mecanisme peu consommateur en ressources. Le second objectif de la replication est de permettre le reequilibrage de la charge induite par les requetes de donnees. Le choix des donnees a repliquer ainsi que celui des nœuds optimaux pour le placement des futurs replicas est donc crucial, specialement dans le contexte du MANET. Dans cette these, nous proposons CReaM (Community-Centric and Resource-Aware Replication Model”) un modele de replication adapte a un reseau MANET. CReaM fonctionne en mode autonomique : les prises de decisions se basent sur des informations collectees dans le voisinage du nœud plutot que sur des donnees globalement impliquant tous les nœuds, ce qui permet de reduire le trafic reseau lie a la replication. Pour reduire l’usage des ressources induit par la replication sur un nœud, les niveaux de consommation des ressources sont controles par un moniteur. Toute consommation excedant un seuil predefini lie a cette ressource declenche le processus de replication. Pour permettre le choix de la donnee a repliquer, une classification multi criteres a ete proposee (rarete de la donnee, semantique, niveau de demande); et un moteur d’inference qui prend en compte l’etat de consommation des ressources du nœud pour designer la categorie la plus adaptee pour choisir la donnee a repliquer. Pour permettre de placer les replicas au plus pres des nœuds interesses, CReaM propose un mecanisme pour l’identification et le maintien a jour des centres d’interet des nœuds. Les utilisateurs interesses par un meme sujet constituent une communaute. Par ailleurs, chaque donnee a repliquer est estampillee par le ou les sujets au(x)quel(s) elle s’apparente. Un nœud desirant placer un replica apparente a un sujet choisira le nœud ayant la plus grande communaute sur ce sujet. Les resultats d’experimentations confirment la capacite de CReaM a ameliorer la disponibilite des donnees au meme niveau que les solutions concurrentes, tout en reduisant la charge liee a la replication. D’autre part, CReaM permet de respecter l’etat de consommation des ressources sur les nœuds.

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