Spatial dynamic thermal iteration model for 888 nm end-pumped Nd:YVO 4 solid-state laser oscillators and amplifiers

Abstract A new theoretical model, spatial dynamic thermal iteration (SDTI) model, for diode-end-pumped solid-state laser systems is developed, which is both applicable to laser oscillators and amplifiers. The influences of pump beam quality, ground state absorption and depletion (GSA/GSD) and energy transfer upconversion (ETU) are included in our model. According to the basic principles of nonradiative transitions and population dynamics, we can obtain the spatial distribution of heat generation and temperature within the laser crystal through numerically solving heat conduction equation by finite element method (FEM). Furthermore, a spatial mesh iteration algorithm is designed to analyze the temperature dependence of absorption cross section, emission cross section and thermal conductivity. Finally, the simulated results of our SDTI model was proved to precisely coincide with the reported experimental results in classical 888 nm end-pumped Nd:YVO 4 laser oscillator and amplifier systems.

[1]  Mali Gong,et al.  End-pumped temperature-dependent passively Q-switched lasers. , 2015, Applied optics.

[2]  F. Balembois,et al.  Design of a high gain single stage and single pass Nd:YVO_4 passive picosecond amplifier , 2012 .

[3]  Walter Koechner,et al.  Solid-State Laser Engineering , 1976 .

[4]  Anne C. Tropper,et al.  High-inversion densities in Nd:YAG-upconversion and bleaching , 1998 .

[5]  Stephen A. Payne,et al.  Direct measurements of the terminal laser level lifetime in neodymium-doped crystals and glasses , 1995 .

[6]  Patrick Georges,et al.  Characteristics of laser operation at 1064 nm in Nd:YVO4 under diode pumping at 808 and 914 nm , 2011 .

[7]  Mali Gong,et al.  Design of High-Gain Single-Stage and Single-Pass Nd:YVO4 Amplifier Pumped by Fiber-Coupled Laser Diodes: Simulation and Experiment , 2016, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[8]  Marc Eichhorn,et al.  Quasi-three-level solid-state lasers in the near and mid infrared based on trivalent rare earth ions , 2008, 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC).

[9]  Ralf Knappe,et al.  High-efficiency 60 W TEM(00) Nd:YVO(4) oscillator pumped at 888 nm. , 2006, Optics letters.

[10]  Peter N. Brown,et al.  A Theoretical Comparison of the Arnoldi and GMRES Algorithms , 1991, SIAM J. Sci. Comput..

[11]  C. Pflaum,et al.  Dynamic multimode analysis of Q-switched solid state laser cavities. , 2009, Optics express.

[12]  Yoichi Sato,et al.  Laser operation with near quantum-defect slope efficiency in Nd:YVO4 under direct pumping into the emitting level , 2003 .

[13]  Patrick Georges,et al.  High gain single stage and single pass Nd:YVO4 passive amplifier for picosecond pulses , 2012 .

[14]  M. Damzen,et al.  20 W single longitudinal mode Nd:YVO4 retro-reflection ring laser operated as a self-intersecting master oscillator power amplifier , 2009 .

[15]  Daijun Li,et al.  Thermal effects of the diode end-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab , 2007 .

[16]  D. C. Hanna,et al.  Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals , 1999 .

[17]  Yung-Fu Chen,et al.  Optimization in scaling fiber-coupled laser-diode end-pumped lasers to higher power: influence of thermal effect , 1997 .

[18]  D. C. Hanna,et al.  Upconversion, lifetime quenching, and ground-state bleaching in Nd3+:LiYF4 , 1998 .

[19]  R. A. Fields,et al.  Thermal modeling of continuous‐wave end‐pumped solid‐state lasers , 1990 .

[20]  R. A. Fields,et al.  Highly efficient Nd:YVO4 diode‐laser end‐pumped laser , 1987 .

[21]  Anand Asundi,et al.  Thermal lensing effects for diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 and Nd:YAG lasers , 2004 .

[22]  T. Taira,et al.  Laser emission in highly doped Nd:YAG crystals under (4)F(5/2) and (4)F(3/2) pumping. , 2001, Optics letters.

[23]  Gilles Pauliat,et al.  Determination of the energy diffusion and of the Auger upconversion constants in a Nd:YVO4 standing-wave laser , 2002 .

[24]  Mark Dubinskii,et al.  Concentration quenching in fine-grained ceramic Nd:YAG. , 2006, Optics express.

[25]  Yung-fu Chen,et al.  Power Scaling in a Diode-End-Pumped Multisegmented Nd:YVO$_{\bf 4}$ Laser With Double-Pass Power Amplification , 2015, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[26]  Ş. Amarande.  Influence of energy transfer upconversion on thermal lens of Nd:YVO 4 bounce laser amplifier , 2012 .

[27]  Ralf Knappe,et al.  888 nm pumping of Nd:YVO4 for high-power high-efficiency TEM00 lasers , 2007, SPIE LASE.

[28]  Zhizhan Xu,et al.  Multiphoton-excited upconversion luminescence of Nd:YVO(4). , 2007, Optics express.

[29]  Wenhai Yang,et al.  Temperature dependence of the fractional thermal load of Nd:YVO4 at 1064 nm lasing and its influence on laser performance. , 2013, Optics express.

[30]  Mali Gong,et al.  Effects of the temperature dependence of absorption coefficients in edge-pumped Yb:YAG slab lasers , 2007 .

[31]  C. Pflaum,et al.  Dynamic multimode analysis of high-power 3-level lasers , 2010 .

[32]  Chia-Chun Liao,et al.  Determination of the Auger upconversion rate in fiber-coupled diode end-pumped Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO4 crystals , 2000 .

[33]  Zhiyun Huang,et al.  Theoretical study on the laser performances of Nd^3^+:YAG and Nd^3^+:YVO~4 under indirect and direct pumping , 2005 .

[34]  D. C. Hanna,et al.  Upconversion-induced heat generation and thermal lensing in Nd:YLF and Nd:YAG , 1998 .

[35]  Larry D. Merkle,et al.  Resonant pumping and upconversion in 1.6 μm Er 3+ lasers , 2007 .

[36]  Yoichi Sato,et al.  Temperature dependencies of stimulated emission cross section for Nd-doped solid-state laser materials , 2012 .