Influence of age and hematocrit on the coagulation of blood

To examine the effects of age, hematocrit and the daily variation in hematocrit on coagulation of blood, the time of onset of coagulation (Ti) of whole blood obtained from donors including normal subjects and patients was measured by means of a rheological technique. The Ti value of recalcified blood decreased with an increase in age, but in donors aged 65 years or more (the elderly), the Ti value was almost independent of age. The Ti value for blood obtained from the elderly was significantly lower at lower hematocrit levels, but that for blood obtained from young donors was almost independent of hematocrit. The daily variation in hematocrit in individuals was small (maximum variation: about 4%), and the variation had little effect on the Ti value. However, a slight increase in hematocrit was considered to bring about a significant increase in viscosity at lower shear rates. Therefore, it is suggested that a slight increase in hematocrit under stagnant flow conditions is one of major risk factors for venous thrombogenesis, especially in the elderly.

[1]  E. Mammen.  Pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. , 1992, Chest.

[2]  P. Kyrle,et al.  The Prevalence of Hereditary Antithrombin-III Deficiency in Patients with a History of Venous Thromboembolism , 1985, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[3]  A. Schroit,et al.  Pathophysiologic implications of membrane phospholipid asymmetry in blood cells. , 1997, Blood.

[4]  K. Hager,et al.  Blood coagulation factors in the elderly. , 1989, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.

[5]  M. Kaibara.  Rheological study on coagulation of blood with special reference to the triggering mechanism of venous thrombus formation , 2009 .

[6]  M. Kaibara,et al.  Rheological analyses of coagulation of blood from different individuals with special reference to procoagulant activity of erythrocytes , 2005, Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.

[7]  N. Gibbs,et al.  Venous thrombosis of the lower limbs with particular reference to bed‐rest , 1957, The British journal of surgery.

[8]  M. Kaibara,et al.  A new rheological method to measure fluidity change of blood during coagulation : application to in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability of artificial materials. , 1985, Biorheology.

[9]  H. Iwata,et al.  Activation of factor IX by erythrocyte membranes causes intrinsic coagulation , 2002, Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.

[10]  F. Gunz.  Blood Microrheology—Viscosity Factors in Blood Flow, Ischaemia and Thrombosis , 1972 .

[11]  K. Kurachi,et al.  Genetic mechanisms of age regulation of blood coagulation: factor IX model. , 2000, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[12]  P. Doré,et al.  Atrial arrhythmia as a complication of nasal CPAP. , 1992, Chest.

[13]  Ryutaro Himeno,et al.  Purification, identification, and characterization of elastase on erythrocyte membrane as factor IX-activating enzyme. , 2004, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[14]  M. Kaibara,et al.  Rheological approach to the analysis of blood coagulation in endothelial cell-coated tubes: activation of the intrinsic reaction on the erythrocyte surface. , 1995, Biorheology.

[15]  B. Coller.  The role of platelets in arterial thrombosis and the rationale for blockade of platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptors as antithrombotic therapy. , 1995, European heart journal.

[16]  Breddin Hk.  Thrombosis and Virchow's triad: what is established? , 1989 .

[17]  H. Weiss.  Flow-Related Platelet Deposition on Subendothelium , 1995, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[18]  D. Danon,et al.  Age population distribution of erythrocytes in young and old healthy donors , 1990, Experimental Gerontology.

[19]  M. Yasaka,et al.  Hypercoagulability in the left atrium: Part II: Coagulation factors. , 1993, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[20]  K Fujikawa,et al.  The coagulation cascade: initiation, maintenance, and regulation. , 1991, Biochemistry.

[21]  Shu Chien,et al.  Shear Dependence of Effective Cell Volume as a Determinant of Blood Viscosity , 1970, Science.

[22]  M. Kaibara,et al.  Procoagulant activity of collagen. Effect of difference in type and structure of collagen. , 1990, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[23]  S Sevitt,et al.  The structure and growth of valve-pocket thrombi in femoral veins , 1974, Journal of clinical pathology.